- Popes and antipopes
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▪ TablePopes and antipopes1antipopes in italicsNovatian 251Dioscorus 530Boniface III 607Severinus 640Theodore 687Sisinnius 708Philip 768Valentine 827John 844John VIII 872-882Marinus I 882-884Adrian III 884-885Stephen V (or VI)3 885-891Formosus 891-896Boniface VI 896Stephen VI (or VII)3 896-897Romanus 897Theodore II 897John IX 898-900Benedict IV 900-903Leo V 903Christopher 903-904Sergius III 904-911Anastasius III 911-913Lando 913-914John X 914-928Leo VI 928Stephen VII (or VIII)3 929-931John XI 931-935Leo VII 936-939Stephen VIII (or IX)3 939-942Marinus II 942-946Agapetus II 946-955John XII 955-964Leo VIII4 963-965Benedict V4 964-966John XIII 965-972Benedict VI 973-974Boniface VII (1st time) 974Benedict VII 974-983John XIV 983-984Boniface VII (2nd time) 984-985John XV (or XVI)5 985-996Gregory V 996-999John XVI (or XVII)5 997-998Sylvester II 999-1003John XVII (or XVIII)5 1003John XVIII (or XIX)5 1004-09Sergius IV 1009-12Benedict VIII 1012-24John XIX (or XX)5 1024-32Benedict IX (1st time) 1032-44Sylvester III6 1045Benedict IX (2nd time) 1045Gregory VI 1045-46Clement II 1046-47Benedict IX (3rd time) 1047-48Damasus II 1048Leo IX 1049-54Victor II 1055-57Stephen IX (or X)3 1057-58Benedict X 1058-59Nicholas II 1059-61Alexander II 1061-73Gregory VII 1073-85Victor III 1086-87Urban II 1088-99Paschal II 1099-1118Theodoric 1100-02Albert (also called Aleric) 1102Gelasius II 1118-19Honorius II 1124-30Innocent II 1130-43Celestine II 1143-44Lucius II 1144-45Eugenius III 1145-53Anastasius IV 1153-54Lucius III 1181-85Urban III 1185-87Gregory VIII 1187Clement III 1187-91Celestine III 1191-98Innocent III 1198-1216Honorius III 1216-27Gregory IX 1227-41Celestine IV 1241Innocent IV 1243-54Alexander IV 1254-61Urban IV 1261-64Clement IV 1265-68Gregory X 1271-76Innocent V 1276Adrian V 1276John XXI5 1276-77Nicholas III 1277-80Martin IV7 1281-85Pius III 1503Marcellus II 1555Sixtus V 1585-90Urban VII 1590Innocent IX 1591Leo XI 1605Benedict XVI 2005-1Until the 4th century the popes were usually known only as bishops of Rome.2The higher number is used if Felix (II), who reigned from 355 to 358 and is ordinarily classed as an antipope, is counted as a pope.3Though elected on March 23, 752, Stephen (II) died two days later, before he could be consecrated, and thus is ordinarily not counted. The issue has made the numbering of subsequent Stephens somewhat irregular.4Either Leo VIII or Benedict V may be considered an antipope.5A confusion in the numbering of popes named John after John XIV (reigned 983-984) resulted because some 11th-century historians mistakenly believed that there had been a pope named John between antipope Boniface VII and the true John XV (reigned 985-996). Therefore they mistakenly numbered the real popes John XV to XIX as John XVI to XX. These popes have since customarily been renumbered XV to XIX, but John XXI and John XXII continue to bear numbers that they themselves formally adopted on the assumption that there had indeed been 20 Johns before them. In current numbering there thus exists no pope by the name of John XX.6Sylvester III is considered an antipope by those who believe that Benedict IX's forcible removal in 1044 was illegitimate.7In the 13th century the papal chancery misread the names of the two popes Marinus as Martin, and, as a result of this error, Simon de Brie in 1281 assumed the name of Pope Martin IV instead of Martin II. The enumeration has not been corrected, and thus there exist no Martin II and Martin III.See as table:
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Universalium. 2010.