sem-

I. sem-¹

One; also adverbially “as one,” together with.

Derivatives include simultaneous, hyphen, acolyte, and simple.

I. Full-grade form *sem-.

1.

a. hendecasyllabic, hendiadys, henotheism, hyphen, from Greek heis (< nominative singular masculine *hen-s < *hem-s), one;

b. Greek he- in hekaton, one hundred (? dissimilated from *hem-katon; see dekm̥). Both a and b from Greek *hem-.

2. Suffixed form *sem-el-. simultaneous; assemble, ensemble, from Latin simul, at the same time.

3. Suffixed form *sem-golo-. single, from Latin singulus, alone, single.

4. Compound *sem-per- (*per, during, for; see per¹). sempre; sempiternal, from Latin semper, always, ever (< “once for all”).

II. O-grade form *som-.

1. bonze, sambal, samhita, samsara, sandhi, Sankhya, sannyasi, Sanskrit, from Sanskrit sam, together.

2. Suffixed form *som-o-.

a. same, from Old Norse samr, same, from Germanic *samaz, same;

b. homeo-, homo-; anomalous, from Greek homos, same;

c. homily, from Greek homīlos, crowd.

3. Suffixed form *som-alo-. homolographic, from Greek homalos, like, even, level.

III. Lengthened o-grade form *sōm-.

1. Suffixed form *sōm-i-. seem, seemly, from Old Norse sœ̄mr, fitting, agreeable (< “making one,” “reconciling”), from Germanic *sōmiz.

2. Suffixed lengthened o-grade form *sōm-o-. samizdat, samovar, from Russian sam(o)-, self.

IV. Zero-grade form *sm̥-.

1. acolyte, anacoluthon, from Greek compound akolouthos, accompanying (-kolouthos, from o-grade of keleuthos, way, path), from ha-, a-, together.

2. Compound form *sm̥-plo- (*-plo-, -fold; see pel-²).

a. simple, from Latin simplus, simple;

b. haploid, from Greek haploos, haplous, single, simple.

3. Suffixed form *sm̥m-o-.

a. some, from Old English sum, one, a certain one;

b. -some¹, from Old English -sum, -like. Both a and b from Germanic *sumaz.

4. Suffixed form *sm̥m-alo-. similar; assimilate, resemble, from Latin similis, of the same kind, like.

5. Compound *sm̥-kēro-, of one growing (see ker-²).

6. Suffixed form *sm̥-tero-. hetero-, from Greek heteros (earlier hateros), one of two, other.

7. Compound *sm̥-plek-, “one-fold,” simple (*-plek-, -fold; see plek-). semplice, simplex, simplicity, from Latin simplex, simple.

8. Extended form *sm̥ma. hamadryad, from Greek hama, together with, at the same time.

 

[Pokorny 2. sem- 902.]

  II. sem-²

Summer. Also semə- (oldest form *semə₂-). Suffixed zero-grade form *sm̥ə-aro-. summer¹, from Old English sumor, summer, from Germanic *sumaraz.

 

[Pokorny 3. sem- 905.]

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