- South American Indian Language Groups, Table
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▪ TableOnly languages attested linguistically are included. Extinct languagesare shown in italics. A number in parentheses after the name of a groupindicates a possible relationship with the group identified by that number.Languages are separated by commas, names in parentheses are of dialects,and names in brackets are alternative spellings. Except for Arawakan,Macro-Ge, and Tupian, most groupings are geographical, but those identifiedby capital letters represent in general markedly differentiated groups.Spelling follows the most common usage for each language or group, thusit is not consistent. Equivalent spellings:
b=v; g=j=y; gu=hu=u=w; i=y;
ñ=nh=ny; x=j. Names are arranged alphabetically within each subdivision.language locationCaucau or Caucawe2. ANDOQUE (9) Colombia3. ARAUCANIAN or MAPUCHE (32, 37) Chile, Argentina4. ARAWAKAN (43, 44)A. Amuesha PeruB.Apolista or Lapachu Bolivia
C. Arauan: Araua, Curina, Madihá, BrazilPaumarí, YamadíD. Chamicuro PeruE. Maipurean1. Achagua, Amarizana, Capite, Minanei, Cauyarí, ColombiaGuarú, Guayupé,Maipure, Piapoco, Resígaro,
Tariana, Warakena, Yucuna,Anauya, Baré, Curipaco, Guinau, Mandawaca, VenezuelaParaujano [Parauhano],Araikú, Aruan, Cariay, Brazil
Carútana, Catapolítani, Cawishana, Hohodene,Manao, Mapanai, Marawá, Mariate, Maulieni,Yabaana, Yumana,Arawak or Lokono, Guyana, Fr. GuianaGoajiro, Colombia, VenezuelaAdzaneni, Ipeca, Brazil, ColombiaIsland Carib Dominica2. Atorai, Mapidian, GuyanaWapishana Guyana, Brazil3. Baníva, Yavitero Venezuela4. Bauré, Mojo or Ignaciano, Muchojeone, BoliviaPauna, Paicone5. Campa, Machiguenga, Piro, PeruCanamari, Chontaquiro [Chontakiro],Cuniba, Brazil
Cushineri, Ipuriná,Inapari Bolivia6. Caripuna, Marawan BrazilGuaná, Paraguay, BrazilQuiniquiano, Tereno Brazil8. Paressí, BrazilSarave BoliviaG. Morique [Morike] or Mayoruna Peru6. AUAKE or ARUTANI Brazil, Venezuela7. AUISHIRI [AWISHIRA] Peru8. BAENAN Brazil9. BORA-HUITOTOAN (2)A. Boran: Bora or Miraña, Emejeite, Muinane ColombiaHuitoto [Witoto],Coeruna, Brazil
Ocaina, Orejone, Nonuya or Achote [Achiote] Peru10. CANICHANA Bolivia11. CAPIXANA or CANOE Brazil12. CARIBAN (70)A. 1. Acawai, Waica, VenezuelaTaulipang or Ipuricoto or Pemon Brazil, Venezuela(Arecuna, Camaracoto, Ingarico)2. Apalai, Aracajú, Upurui, BrazilOyana, SurinameRucuyen Fr. Guiana3.Apiacá or Apingi, Arara, Brazil
PariríWaimiri [Waimiry]5.Bakairi [Bacairi], Nahukua Brazil
(Nahucua), Yaruma6. Bonari, Hishkariana, Parucoto, BrazilWaiboi, Waiwai7. Cachuene or Caxuiana, BrazilMutuan, Pauxí, Saluma, Wayewé,
Chiquena [Chikene] or Shikiana Brazil, Guyana8. Carare, Opone Colombia9. Caribe or Calina or Galibi, Antilles, GuianasCarif Belize, Honduras10. Carijona (Guaque [Guake], Umaua) Colombia13. Keseruna, Macushí, Paraviyana, BrazilPurukoto, Zapará14. Mariquitare or Decuana, Brazil, VenezuelaYecuana or Mayongong (Cunuaná, Ihuruana) Venezuela15. Mapoyo or Nepoyo, Yauarana Venezuela16. Motilón Colombia, Venezuela17.Palmela [Palmella] Brazil
18. Panare Venezuela19. Patagón Peru20. Pawishana Brazil21. Pianocoto, BrazilTliometesen, SurinameTrio (Ocomayana, Urucuyena [Urucuena], Wama) Suriname, Brazil22.Pimenteira Brazil
Waunana13. CARIRI or KIRIRI Brazil14.CATACAO: Catacao, Colan Peru
15. CATEMBRI or MIRANDELA BrazilCatuquina [Catukina] or Wiridyapa, Catauxi,Tucundiapa [Tucundyapa]17. CAYUVAVA (70) Bolivia18. CHAPACURA: Chapacura or Huachi, Itene or Moré, BoliviaItoreauhip, Nape, Pacahanovo,Quitemo,
19. CHIQUITO or TARAPECOSI (42) Bolivia20.CHOLONAN: Cholona or Seeptsá, Peru
Híbito21. COFÁN Colombia, Ecuador22. CULLI or ILINGA Peru23. ERIKBAKTSA or CANOEIRO Brazil24. GAMELA Brazil25. GORGOTOQUI BrazilChuruya, Guayabero Venezuela27. GUAYCURÚ-CHARRUANB. Guaycuruan: Abipón or Callaga, Argentina, ParaguayCaduveo or Mbayá or Guaycurú, Brazil, Argentina, ParaguayGuachí, Brazil
Mocoví, ArgentinaPayaguá or Lengua, ParaguayToba-Pilagá Argentina, Bolivia28.GUAMO Venezuela
29. GUATÓ Bolivia, Brazil31. HUARIAN: Huari or Corumbiara, Masaca or Aicana Brazil33. IRANXE (4) Brazil35. KALIANA or SAPE Venezuela36. KOAIA Brazil37. JEBERO-JIVAROANA. Jeberoan or Cahuapanan: Cahuapana or Chuncho Peru[Concho],Chayavita, Jebero [Chébero],Miquirá, YamoraiJívaro or Shuara (Achual, Huambisa [Wambisa]) Ecuador38.KUKURA Brazil
39. LECO Bolivia40. LULEAN (48)A. Lule or TonocotéB. Vilela or Chunupí (Atalalá, ArgentinaOcolé, Uacambabelé)41. MACRO-CHIBCHANA. Chibchan1. Abiseta or Orosi or Tucurrique [Tucurrike], Costa RicaLari, Cabecar, Chiripó, Estrella, Terraba orBrurán, Tirub or Rayado2. Andaquí Colombia3. Atanque or Busintana, Bintucua or Ijca, ColombiaCágaba or Koghi, Guamaca or Arsario,4. Barira or Cunaguasaya, ColombiaMotilón or Dobocubí,Mape Venezuela5.Betoi Colombia
Colorado or Campaz or Colima or Satxila,Cuaiquier, Muellama, Telembi Colombia7. Catio, Nutabé Colombia9. Chimila, Malibú Colombia10. Changuena, Chumula (Gualaca) Panama11. Coconuco, Guambiana or Silviano, ColombiaMoguex, Totoró12. Corobisi, Guatuso, Guetar, Suerre or Camachi Costa Rica13. Cuna, PanamaCueva Colombia14. Guaymí, Move(Penonemeño) Panama
Paez Colombia16. Rama Nicaragua17. Sebondoy or Kamsá or Coche or Mocoa, ColombiaQuillasinga
2. Yaruro VenezuelaC. Itonama BoliviaD. Paya HondurasE. Sumo-Miskito-MatagalpaJinotega or Chingo Nicaragua2. Miskito [Mosquito], Honduras, NicaraguaUlua, Sumo NicaraguaF. Waican or Yanoaman: Karimé [Carimé], BrazilPakidai-Surara, Paucosa,Shamatari, Shirianá or Casapare, Brazil, VenezuelaWaica [Waika]G. Warao [Warrau] or Guarauno Venezuela42. MACRO-GE (70)A. Bororoan1. Bororo Brazil2. Otuké BoliviaC. Fulnió BrazilD. Ge1. Akroá, Xakriaba [Shacriaba], BrazilXavante [Shavante], Xerente [Sherenté]2. Apinayé-Kayapó, Eastern BrazilTimbira, Suyá3. Caingang [Kaingang], Xokleng [Shocleng] Brazil4. Southern Kayapó BrazilE.Jeikó [Jeico] Brazil
F. Kamakán BrazilG. Karajá BrazilH. Kapoxo (Kumanaxo), Malalí, BrazilMaxakalí, Monoxo, Patashó44. MACRO-PANO-TACANAN (4)Shelknam, Tehuelche, Teushen or TehueshB. Mosetene: Chimane, Mosetene [Moseten] BoliviaC. Pano-Tacanan1. Panoan: Amahuaca [Amawaca], Brazil, PeruCashinahua [Cashinawa],Capanahua [Capanawa], Cashibo, PeruConibo-Shipibo (Chama, Setebo, Sensi),Marinahua [Marinawa], Marobo, Nocamán,Pano or Pánobo,Culino (Curina), Jaminahua, Mayoruna or BrazilMaruba, Nastanahua, Nixinahua, Parannahua,Poyanahua, Remo, Shaminahua, Tushinahua[Tushinawa], Waninahua or Catoquino,Yahuanahua (Yawanawa), Yumanahua,Arazaire [Arasaire], Atsahuaca [Atsawaca] or PeruChaspa, Yamiaca or Haauñeiri,Caripuna, BrazilChácobo, Pacahuara [Pacawara] Bolivia2. Tacanan: Arasa, Cavineña, Chama or BoliviaEsseejja, Guarizo, Huarayo (Tianinagua),Mabenaro, Maropa or Reyesano, Sapiboca[Sapiboka], Tacana (Araona, Toromona)D. Yuracare Bolivia45. MAKÚ Venezuela, BrazilAngaité (Sanapá), Kashiká orGuaná, Lengua or Enslet or Cocoloth (Mascoy)47. MATACO-MACCÁ [MACÁ]1. Ashluslay or Chulupí ParaguayChorotí or Solote or Yofuaha Paraguay, ArgentinaChoropí (Suhin, Sotirai), Mataco or ArgentinaMataguayo (Guisnay, Nocten, Vejoz)2.Enimagá or Cochaboth Paraguay
3. Maccá [Macá] or Towothli Paraguay48. MOVIMA (27) Bolivia49. MUNICHI [MUNICHE] Peru50. MURA-MATANAWÍA. Bohurá, Mura, Pirahá BrazilB.Matanawí Brazil
51. MURATO or CANDOSHI or SHAPRA PeruCentral Nambikwara, Eastern Nambikwara53.OMURANO or MAYNA Peru
54. OTOMACO-TAPARITA: Otomaco, Taparita Venezuela55. PANKARURÚ [PANCARARÚ] Brazil56. PUINAVE-MAKU: Makú, Marahan, Querari, BrazilPuinave Colombia57.PUQUINA: Pohena or Callahuaya, Puquina Bolivia
58. QUECHUMARANAncash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Chasutino, PeruHuánuco, Junín, Lamano, Lima, Mayna,Pasco, Ucayali,Catamarca-La Rioja, Santiago del Estero, ArgentinaCuzco-Bolivian, Peru, BoliviaEcuadorian, Quijos, Tena, EcuadorTuichi Bolivia59. SABELAN: Sabela or Auca or Huarani, Tiwituey PeruSáliva ColombiaATALÁN62. SIMACU or ITUCALE or ARUCUAYA or URARIÑA Peru63. TARARIU (TARAIRIU) or OCHUKUYANA Brazil[OCHUKAYANA]64. TARUMA Brazil65. TIKUNA [TICUNA] or TUKUNA [TUCUNA] Brazil, Colombia66.TIMOTE Venezuela
67. TINIGUAN: Pamigua, Tinigua Colombia68. TRUMAI Brazil69. TUCANOANA. Western:Amaguaje, Coto, Piojé, Peru
Coreguaje [Correguaje], Dätuana, ColombiaIcaguaje, Macaguaje, Macuna, Sära,
(Ömöa, Buhagana), Siona [Sioni], Tama,Tanimuca, Uantia, Yahuna, Yupua,Coretu, BrazilSecoya EcuadorSiana or Chiranga, Tatapuyo, Waiana,Yarutí or Patsoca,Kubeo [Cubeo], Tucano Brazil70. TUPIAN (12)[Apiacá], Awetí, Canoeiro, Kamayurá[Camayura], Kawaíb [Cawahíb] (Pawate,Parintintin, Wirafed), Kayabí (Cayabí),Shetà, Takuñapé [Tacunyapé],
Tapirapé, Tenetéhara (Anambé,Guayayara [Guajajára], Manajé, Tembé,Oyampí-Emerillon, Brazil, Fr. GuianaPauserna, Bolivia, BrazilGuaraní, Argentina, Brazil, ParaguayKaiwá, Brazil, ParaguayChiriguano, Guarayú, BoliviaTapieté, Chané Paraguay2. Cocama, PeruOmagua Brazil, Peru3. Guayakí Paraguay4. Mawé Brazil5. Sirionó BoliviaC.Arikem, Kabishiana, Karitiana Brazil
D. Arué, Digüt, Mondé BrazilKepkiriwat, Makurap, Tuparí, Wayoró(Apichum)F. Kuruaya [Curuaya], Mundurukú BrazilG. Manitsawá, Shipaya, Yuruna BrazilH. Puruborá Brazil71. TUSHÁ Brazil72. TUYONEIRI or ARASAIRI or HUACHIPAIRI Peru73. UMAN or HUAMOI Brazil74. XUKURÚ or ICHIKILE Brazil75.YABUTÍ: Aricapú, Mashubi, Brazil
Yabutí or QuipiuYameo or Camuchivo77.YÁMANA or YAGHAN (41) Chile
78. YUNCA or CHIMÚ or MUCHIC or EcuadorCHINCHA: Puruhá-Cañari,Yunca Peru79. YURÍ Brazil, Colombia80. YURIMANGUI ColombiaZamuco (Ayoré, Moro)Shimigae [Semigae], Andoa, Záparo
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Universalium. 2010.