burn

burn
burn1
burnable, adj.
/berrn/, v., burned or burnt, burning, n.
v.i.
1. to undergo rapid combustion or consume fuel in such a way as to give off heat, gases, and, usually, light; be on fire: The fire burned in the grate.
2. (of a fireplace, furnace, etc.) to contain a fire.
3. to feel heat or a physiologically similar sensation; feel pain from or as if from a fire: The wound burned and throbbed.
4. to give off light or to glow brightly: The lights in the house burned all night.
5. to give off heat or be hot: The pavement burned in the noon sun.
6. to produce pain or a stinging sensation similar to that of fire; cause to smart: The whiskey burned in his throat.
7. Games. to be extremely close to finding a concealed object or guessing an answer.
8. to feel extreme anger: When she said I was rude, I really burned.
9. to feel strong emotion or passion: He burned with desire.
10. Chem.
a. to undergo combustion, either fast or slow; oxidize.
b. to undergo fission or fusion.
11. to become charred or overcooked by heat: The steak burned around the edges.
12. to receive a sunburn: She burns easily and has to stay in the shade.
13. to be damned: You may burn for that sin.
14. Slang. to die in an electric chair: The murderer was sentenced to burn.
15. to be engraved by or as if by burning: His words burned into her heart.
v.t.
16. to cause to undergo combustion or be consumed partly or wholly by fire.
17. to use as fuel or as a source of light: He burned coal to heat the house.
18. to cause to feel the sensation of heat.
19. to overcook or char: I almost burned the roast.
20. to sunburn.
21. to injure, endanger, or damage with or as if with fire: Look out, you'll burn yourself!
22. to execute by burning: The heretic was burned at the stake.
23. to subject to fire or treat with heat as a process of manufacturing.
24. to produce with or as if with fire: She burned a hole in her dress.
25. to cause sharp pain or a stinging sensation: The iodine burned his cut.
26. to consume rapidly, esp. to squander: He burned energy as if he never heard of resting.
27. Slang. to suffer losses or be disillusioned in business or social relationships: She was burned by that phony stock deal.
28. Slang. to cheat or rob.
29. Chem. to cause to undergo combustion; oxidize.
30. to damage through excessive friction, as in grinding or machining; scorch.
31. Metall. to oxidize (a steel ingot), as with a flame.
32. Brit. to scald (a wine, esp. sherry) in an iron container over a fire.
33. Cards. to put (a played or rejected card) face up at the bottom of the pack.
34. Slang. to disclose the identity of (an undercover agent, law officer, etc.): to burn a narcotics detective.
35. burn down, to burn to the ground: That barn was struck by lightning and burned down.
36. burn in, Photog. (in printing) to expose (one part of an image) to more light by masking the other parts in order to darken and give greater detail to the unmasked area. Also, print in. Cf. dodge (def. 2).
37. burn off, (of morning mist) to be dissipated by the warmth of the rising sun.
38. burn on, to weld lead with lead.
39. burn one's bridges (behind one). See bridge (def. 21).
40. burn oneself out, to exhaust one's energy, ideas, etc., through overwork or intemperance: They feared that he would burn himself out or break down.
41. burn one up, Informal. to incite to anger: That attitude burns me up.
42. burn out,
a. to cease functioning because something has been exhausted or burned up, as fuel or a filament: Our light bulbs burned out.
b. to deprive of a place to live, work, etc., by reason of fire: They were burned out and had to live with relatives.
c. to wear out; exhaust; be worn out; become exhausted.
43. burn the or one's candle at both ends, to be excessively active or immoderate, as by leading an active social life by night and a busy work life by day: You can't burn the candle at both ends and hold onto a job.
44. burn the midnight oil, to work, study,etc., until late at night: to burn the midnight oil before final exams.
45. burn up,
a. to burn completely or utterly: The papers burned up in a minute.
b. Informal. to become angry: He burns up at the mention of her name.
n.
46. a burned place or area: a burn where fire had ripped through the forest.
47. Pathol. an injury usually caused by heat but also by abnormal cold, chemicals, poison gas, electricity, or lightning, and characterized by a painful reddening and swelling of the epidermis (first-degree burn), damage extending into the dermis, usually with blistering (second-degree burn), or destruction of the epidermis and dermis extending into the deeper tissue with loss of pain receptors (third-degree burn).
48. See slow burn.
49. the process or an instance of burning or baking, as in brickmaking.
50. a forest or brush fire.
51. the firing of a rocket engine.
52. Slang. a swindle.
53. to record data on (a compact disc).
[bef. 900; ME bernen, brennen, OE beornan (intrans.), (c. Goth, OHG brinnan), and OE baernan (transit.), (c. Goth brannjan, OHG brennen)]
Syn. 1. flame. 3. tingle, glow. 16. char, toast, brown, tan. BURN, SCORCH, SEAR, SINGE refer to the effect of fire or heat. To BURN is to consume, wholly or in part, by contact with fire or excessive heat: to burn leaves. SCORCH implies superficial or slight burning, resulting in a change of color or in injury to the texture because of shriveling or curling: to scorch a dress while ironing. SEAR refers esp. to the drying or hardening caused by heat: to sear a roast of meat. SINGE applies esp. to a superficial burning that takes off ends or projections: to singe hair; singe the pinfeathers from a chicken.
burn2
/berrn/, n. Scot. and North Eng.
a brook or rivulet.
Also, bourn, bourne.
[bef. 900; ME burne, bourne, OE burna, brunna brook; c. Goth brunna, D born, bron, G Brunnen, ON brunnr spring]

* * *

I
Damage caused to the body by contact with flames, hot substances, some chemicals, radiation (including sunlight), or electricity.

Burns are classified by depth of skin damage and by percentage of skin damaged. First-degree burns injure only the epidermis (top layer), with redness, pain, and minimal edema. In a second-degree burn, damage extends into the dermis (inner layer), with redness and blisters. Third-degree burns destroy the entire thickness of the skin. There is no pain, because the skin's pain receptors are destroyed. Burns deeper than the skin can release toxic materials into the bloodstream and may require amputation. Secondary shock follows severe burns, caused by loss of fluid both in the destroyed tissue and in leaks from the damaged area. Treatment depends on severity; first-degree burns need only first aid; third-degree burns require long-term hospitalization. Depending on the type, extent, and site of the burn, it may be left exposed, covered with a bandage, or excised to remove dead tissue in preparation for skin grafts. Complications of burns include respiratory problems, infection, ulcers in the stomach or duodenum, and, especially in brown skin, thick scarring. Seizures and hypertension after burns occur almost entirely in children. Survivors usually require plastic surgery, long-term physical therapy, and psychotherapy.
II
(as used in expressions)
Burns George
Burns Kenneth Lauren
Burns Robert
Jesse Louis Burns
Murphy Isaac Burns
Woodward Robert Burns
Burnt Njáll

* * *

injury
Introduction

      damage caused to the body by contact with flames, hot substances, certain chemicals, radiation (radiation injury) (sunlight, X rays, or ionizing radiation from radioactive materials), or electricity. The chief effects of contact with flame, hot water, steam, caustic chemicals, or electricity are apparent promptly. There is a delay of several hours before the full effects of sun or ultraviolet burns are apparent and a delay of 10 to 30 days before the full effects of ionizing radiation burns are apparent.

      The severity of a burn depends largely on the depth of tissue destruction and the amount of body surface affected. Other factors—including the patient's age and prior state of health, the location of the burn wound, and the seriousness of any associated injuries—can also influence recovery from a burn.

      For an appreciation of how depth and size of a burn affect the severity of the injury, some understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the skin is necessary. Human skin is composed of two layers: an upper layer called the epidermis, and a lower layer known as the dermis (or corium). The largest of the body's organs, skin performs a number of vital functions. Its foremost job is to separate the external environment from the body's interior. The epidermis, the outer surface of which consists of dead, cornified cells, prevents infectious microorganisms and other harmful environmental agents from gaining entrance to the body. The dermis, by contrast, is made up of fibrous connective tissues that prevent the evaporation of body fluids. Embedded within the dermis and opening to the skin surface are the sweat glands. These secrete perspiration, the evaporation of which helps regulate body temperature. Perspiration also contains small amounts of sodium chloride, cholesterol, aluminum, and urea; it thus plays a role in regulating the composition of body fluids. The dermis also contains all of the skin's blood vessels and nerves, including sensory nerve endings that respond to touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain. The skin therefore also serves as a sense organ that enables a person to adjust to changing environmental conditions. One final function of the skin is the synthesis of vitamin D, a compound essential to growth and maintenance, particularly of bone. Vitamin D is formed by the action of sunlight on certain cholesterol compounds in the dermis. Destruction of the skin by deep or extensive burns can disrupt all of these functions, subjecting the victim to serious complications.

 Physicians have traditionally categorized burns as first-, second-, or third-degree injuries, according to the depth of skin damage (see illustration—>). In a first-degree burn, only the epidermis is affected. These injuries are characterized by redness and pain; there are no blisters, and edema (swelling due to the accumulation of fluids) in the wounded tissue is minimal. A classic example of a first-degree burn is moderate sunburn.

      The damage in a second-degree burn extends through the entire epidermis and part of the dermis. These injuries are characterized by redness and blisters. The deeper the burn the more prevalent the blisters, which increase in size during the hours immediately following the injury. Like first-degree burns, second-degree injuries may be extremely painful. The development of complications and the course of healing in a second-degree burn depend on the extent of damage to the dermis. Unless they become infected, most superficial second-degree burns heal without complications and with little scarring in 10 to 14 days.

      Third-degree, or full-thickness, burns destroy the entire thickness of the skin. The surface of the wound is leathery and may be brown, tan, black, white, or red. There is no pain, because the pain receptors have been obliterated along with the rest of the dermis. Blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles are all destroyed in skin that suffers a full-thickness burn. Fluid losses and metabolic disturbances associated with these injuries are grave.

      Occasionally burns deeper than a full thickness of the skin are incurred, as when part of the body is entrapped in a flame and not immediately extricated. Electrical burns are usually deep burns. These deep burns frequently go into the subcutaneous tissue and, at times, beyond and into the muscle, fascia, and bone. Such burns are of the fourth degree, also called black (because of the typical colour of the burn), or char, burns. Fourth-degree burns are of grave prognosis, particularly if they involve more than a small portion of the body. In these deep burns toxic materials may be released into the bloodstream. If the char burn involves only a small part of the body, it should be excised down to healthy tissue. If an extremity is involved, amputation may be necessary.

      Surgeons measure the area of a burn as a percentage of the body's total skin area. The skin area on each arm is roughly 9 percent of the body total, as is the skin covering the head and neck. The percentage on each leg is 18, and the percentage on the trunk is 18 on the front and 18 on the back. The percentage of damaged skin affects the chances of survival. Most people can survive a second-degree burn affecting 70 percent of their body area, but few can survive a third-degree burn affecting 50 percent. If the area is down to 20 percent, most people can be saved, though elderly people and infants may fail to survive a 15 percent skin loss.

      Severe burns cause immediate nervous shock. The victim grows pale and is confused, anxious, and frightened by the pain and may faint. Much more dangerous is the secondary shock that comes a few hours later. Its chief features are a dramatic fall in blood pressure that leads to pallor, cold extremities, and eventual collapse. This secondary shock is precipitated by loss of fluid from the circulation, not just the fluid lost in the destroyed tissue but fluid that leaks from the damaged area that has lost its protective covering of skin.

      Burns kill not just by damaging tissue but by allowing this leakage of fluid and salts. If more than a fifth of the blood volume is lost to the circulation, insufficient blood returns to the heart for it to maintain blood pressure. And the loss of salts, particularly sodium and potassium salts, not only disturbs their balance in the body but changes the osmotic balance of the blood and body fluids. The significance of these physiological changes was understood in 1905, but not until the 1930s were doctors able to correct them with transfusions of blood or plasma.

      The treatment of a burn is, of course, dependent upon the severity of the injury. In general, first-degree burns can be adequately treated with proper first-aid measures. Second-degree burns that cover more than 15 percent of an adult's body or 10 percent of a child's, or that affect the face, hands, or feet, should receive prompt medical attention, as should all third-degree burns, regardless of size.

First aid.
      Following a first-degree or a small second-degree burn, the best first aid is to quickly immerse the wound under cool tap water. This action will stop the burning process and dissipate the heat energy from the wound. The wound should then be cleansed with mild soap and water and gently blotted dry. After cleansing, the burn can be left exposed, provided it is small and will be frequently washed. If the wound is larger, a dry, bulky, sterile dressing can be placed over it to minimize pain and exposure to the environment. Home remedies, such as butter or petroleum jelly, should not be applied to the wound, as these trap heat within the injury and can cause further damage. The application of antiseptics and other irritating substances should also be avoided; a good rule of thumb is to refrain from applying any substance that one would be afraid to put into one's eye.

      Third-degree burns are true medical emergencies, and the victim should receive professional medical attention as quickly as possible. These wounds should not be immersed, as cool water can intensify the circulatory shock that accompanies third-degree burns. The injuries can be covered with bulky, sterile dressings or with freshly laundered bed linens. Clothing stuck to the wound should not be removed, nor should any ointments, salves, sprays, etc. be applied. Burned feet and legs should be elevated, and burned hands should be raised above the level of the heart. The victim's breathing must be closely watched; artificial respiration should be given if breathing stops.

Outpatient treatment.
      The majority of burn victims that are brought to hospital emergency rooms are released for outpatient burn care. As in first-aid treatment, small wounds can be left open if frequently washed; larger wounds are covered with a dry, bulky dressing. The pain involved in removing the dressing can be reduced by soaking it with tepid water prior to removal or by using a nonadhering dressing such as gauze impregnated with a bland emulsion.

Hospital treatment.
      All patients with severe burns should be hospitalized. The first priority in treating the burn victim is to ensure that the airway (breathing passages) remains open. Associated smoke inhalation injury is very common, particularly if the patient has been burned in a closed space, such as a room or building. Even patients burned in an open area may sustain smoke inhalation. Risk for smoke inhalation is greatest in victims who have injuries to the upper torso or burns of the face and in victims who cough up carbonaceous material or soot. If inhalation injury seems likely, an anesthesiologist or surgeon passes a tube through the patient's nose or mouth into the trachea. This endotracheal tube allows the administration of high concentrations of oxygen and the use of a mechanical ventilator.

      The next priority is to treat the associated burn shock. This requires the placement of intravenous lines through which resuscitating fluid can be administered; special lines are also placed into the circulation to monitor the resuscitation. A catheter is passed into the bladder to monitor urine output, another index of fluid resuscitation. Most burn centres treat the burn victim during the first 24 hours with intravenous administrations of a balanced salt solution (Ringer's lactate); this solution replaces the fluids lost into the burn wound and from the burn wound into the environment. The administration of blood is not usually necessary, because in most burns blood loss is minimal, and less than 10 percent of the blood suffers hemolysis (i.e., the destruction of red blood cells). This hemolysis of blood, however, can cause serious secondary injuries, particularly to the kidneys; if severe enough, it may even cause the kidneys to fail. This danger can be minimized by rapidly establishing fluid resuscitation and by stimulating urine output with diuretics such as mannitol. A careful medical history is taken, and tetanus toxoid is administered.

      After this initial treatment of the airway and resuscitation of the burn shock, a decision must be made as to the disposition of the patient. If the patient is admitted to a burn centre, he is usually placed into a special tub, where the wound is cleansed with mild soap solutions. The wound is then dressed. Derivatives of sulfa—particularly mafenide—and other antibiotics are now used with great success in preventing the infection of burn wounds and the subsequent spread of bacteria and toxins through the bloodstream and tissues (sepsis).

      Almost immediately there are other problems that the burn surgeon must address. The patient's ongoing fluid balance must be monitored and regulated, his nutritional needs must be met, pain must be controlled, and the burn wound itself must be repaired. Pain is most problematic in patients with partial or deep second-degree burns and is aggravated by the necessity of frequent dressing changes and physical therapy. In addition, pain leads to increased catecholamine release, which aggravates the patient's nutritional needs and energy expenditure. Burn centres have employed innovative measures to control pain, including the use of morphine intravenously, the administration of incomplete anesthetic drugs at the time of dressing changes, and even the use of general anesthesia during major debridements.

      Nutrition (nutrition, human) can be a particularly vexing problem because the caloric needs are often greater than the patient can consume in a normal fashion. Thus, supplementary feedings administered intravenously or through a feeding tube placed into the stomach are commonplace in treating severe burns. One of the major advances in the treatment of the critically burned has been the use of hyperalimentation, a procedure in which total nutritional support can be provided through a catheter placed into a large central vein.

      The goals in managing the burn lesion are to prevent infection, to avoid further injury to the damaged tissues, and to close the wound as soon as possible. There are three major methods of therapy for the burn wound: exposure, occlusive dressings, and primary excision.

      Exposure therapy is indicated for surfaces that are easily left exposed, such as the face. The burn is initially cleansed and then allowed to dry. A second-degree burn forms a crust, which falls off after two or three weeks, revealing minimally scarred skin beneath. Full-thickness burns will not form a crust because of the overlying dead skin, or eschar. The goal of exposure therapy is to soften the eschar and remove it. Exposure allows the eschar to dry. After it dries, saline-soaked gauzes are applied to the eschar to soften it and hasten its spontaneous separation from the underlying tissues. The advantage of exposure therapy is that the patient is not immobilized in bulky dressings. It is particularly useful in burns that cover less than 20 percent of the body area. The chief disadvantage is that the protection against infection afforded by sterile dressings is absent. In addition, pain and heat loss are greater in exposed wounds. Exposure therapy is usually combined with the use of antibacterial creams.

      Occlusive dressings, usually combined with topical antibacterial agents, are more commonly used in the treatment of extensive burns. The antibacterial ointment or cream may be applied to the patient or to the gauze. The use of occlusive dressings provides a sterile barrier against airborne infection; the dressings also help minimize heat loss and pain. On the other hand, the bandages must be absorptive as well as occlusive and thus are usually bulky and restrictive. Furthermore, the dressings must be changed as often as every eight hours to prevent the growth of bacteria in the warm, moist environment of the covered wound. As pointed out previously, these frequent dressing changes may increase the amount of pain and need for anesthetics.

      In both of the above methods of wound treatment, the patient is usually immersed daily in a special tank, where remaining dressings and creams are washed off and loose tissue is debrided. The patient is encouraged to move about to reduce scar formation and subsequent disabling contractures (permanent contractions of scar, muscles, and tendons) over the joints.

      Primary excision—that is, the surgical removal of necrotic tissues within 24 to 48 hours of the injury—is used to prepare full-thickness burns for grafting at the earliest possible time. After the dead skin (skin graft) has been removed, the surgeon's primary goal is to cover the burned area as rapidly as possible with autografts—that is, grafts of the patient's own skin harvested from uninjured areas of the body. Often, there is a discrepancy between the amount of harvestable skin and the extent of the potential recipient sites. This discrepancy can be addressed by covering the debrided or excised areas with allografts of skin obtained from cadavers, or by treating the burn with porcine xenografts (pigskin), antibiotic solutions, or special plastic dressings. These measures are only temporary, however, and skin autografting is the final method of coverage for most full-thickness injuries. Most autografts use split-thickness skin (i.e., thin slices of skin including the epidermis and part of the dermis), which the surgeon obtains from unburned areas using an instrument called a dermatome. The face, neck, and surfaces around joints receive first priority for grafting. Grafts are usually dressed and inspected frequently to be sure they are taking.

Complications.
      The use of topical antibacterial agents has reduced the incidence of post-burn infection, but infection remains one of the most serious complications of burns. Burn surgeons often obtain cultures of the burn wound and of sputum and other body secretions; these are examined for signs of infection. Early detection and prompt treatment of infection with antibiotics and surgical debridement can minimize its consequences. Acute gastrointestinal ulcers are another frequent complication of burns; they appear as small, circumscribed lesions within the lining of the stomach or duodenum. These ulcers can be detected by endoscopy and are treated with antacids and drugs that reduce the amount of acid secretion.

      The occurrences of post-burn seizures is a complication unique to children. These seizures may result from electrolyte imbalances, abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood, infection, or drugs. The cause is unknown in about a third of the cases. Post-burn hypertension is also somewhat unique to children and is probably related to the release of catecholamines and other stress hormones.

      A common complication of deep dermal burns and skin grafts is the formation of fibrous masses of scar tissue called hypertrophic scars and keloids (keloid). This complication is especially common in brown-skinned races. Reddened, inflamed tissue is biologically active; it has a rich vascular supply, and it rapidly forms collagen, the primary wound protein and major component of scars. Direct pressure on inflamed tissue reduces its blood supply and collagen content, thereby minimizing the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids. Such pressure can be provided by tailored splints, sleeves, stockings, and body jackets. Skeletal traction may be necessary in special instances.

      Respiratory complications rank as the major cause of death in burn patients. Potentially fatal respiratory complications include inhalation injuries, aspiration of fluids by unconscious patients, bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary edema, obstruction of pulmonary arteries, and postinjury respiratory failure. Direct-inhalation injuries, which can lead to other respiratory complications, are especially common. The three basic categories of direct-inhalation injuries are inhalation of dry heat and soot, carbon monoxide poisoning, and smoke inhalation.

      Any patient likely to have suffered inhalation injuries should receive a bronchoscopic examination of the airway. This examination can reveal the degree of respiratory injury and help in planning the appropriate treatment. Constant one-on-one nursing care is often necessary to provide the required pulmonary treatment. In most instances, an endotracheal tube is passed into the lungs, and the patient is placed on a mechanical ventilator. By delivering air under constant pressure, the ventilator helps keep the lungs inflated; this aids in the control and prevention of atelectasis (collapse of the air sacs). The ventilator can also be used to reexpand collapsed lungs. In addition, the machine can deliver varying concentrations of oxygen and mists in the inspired air. Patients who have suffered smoke inhalation are given high concentrations of humidified oxygen. Those with carbon monoxide poisoning receive 100 percent oxygen until their blood level of carboxyhemoglobin falls below 20 percent.

Rehabilitation.
      Physically and cosmetically debilitating scars are the most common aftereffects of extensive burns. Such scars often require additional plastic surgery—sometimes years after the initial skin grafting—to release contractures over joints and to achieve acceptable cosmetic results. Realistically, the results are almost never as good as the patient's preinjury condition. Most burn scars are unsightly, and, though the patient may realistically hope for improvement, complete restoration is usually not possible.

      Burn scars require special care. The patient should avoid exposing the scars to sunlight. Scars in areas that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face and hands, should be protected by an ultraviolet screening agent (a sunblock). Because full-thickness burns can destroy sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles, it may be necessary to apply lanolin and other emollient creams and lotions to the scarred skin in order to prevent drying and cracking and to reduce itching.

      Many victims of severe burns face years of often painful physical therapy as they work to regain or maintain mobility in damaged joints. The psychological adjustment to disfigurement may be traumatic, and many patients require extended counseling to come to grips with their altered appearance and physical disabilities. Yet, with the help of understanding family, friends, and professionals, even severely injured burn victims can make successful adjustments and lead productive lives.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?
Synonyms:

Look at other dictionaries:

  • BURN•E — Réalisation Angus MacLane Scénario Andrew Stanton Peter Docter Jim Reardon Musique J.A.C. Redford Société de production …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Burn-e — BURN•E BURN•E Réalisation Angus MacLane Scénario Andrew Stanton Peter Docter Jim Reardon Musique J.A.C. Redford Société de production …   Wikipédia en Français

  • BURN-E — BURN•E Données clés Réalisation Angus MacLane Scénario …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Burn — (b[^u]rn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Burned} (b[^u]rnd) or {Burnt} (b[^u]rnt); p. pr. & vb. n. {Burning}.] [OE. bernen, brennen, v. t., early confused with beornen, birnen, v. i., AS. b[ae]rnan, bernan, v. t., birnan, v. i.; akin to OS. brinnan,… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • burn — burn1 [bʉrn] vt. burned or burnt, burning [ME brennen, bernen, burnen < ON & OE: ON brenna, to burn, light; OE bærnan, to kindle (akin to Goth brannjan, to cause to burn) & beornan, to be on fire, metathetic < Gmc * brinnan < IE * bhre n …   English World dictionary

  • Burn Up! — バーンナップ (Ба:ннаппу) Жанр научная фантастика, комедия …   Википедия

  • burn — Ⅰ. burn [1] ► VERB (past and past part. burned or chiefly Brit. burnt) 1) (of a fire) flame or glow while consuming a fuel. 2) be or cause to be harmed or destroyed by fire. 3) use (a fuel) as a source of heat or energy. 4) (of the skin) beco …   English terms dictionary

  • Burn — bezeichnet: eine Schweizer Rockband, siehe Gölä einen US amerikanischen Musiker, siehe Animal ein Album von Deep Purple, siehe Burn (Album) ein Lied auf dem Album, siehe Burn (Lied) eine amerikanische Hardcore Band, siehe Burn (Band) einen… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • burn — [bɜːn ǁ bɜːrn] verb burned PTandPP or burnt [bɜːnt ǁ bɜːrnt] [transitive] 1. COMPUTING to copy information held on a computer s …   Financial and business terms

  • Burn Up W — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Burn Up W バーンナップW (Bānnappu W) Género Acción Dirección Horoshi Negishi Estudio AIC …   Wikipedia Español

  • Burn Up W — バーンナップW (Bānnappu W) Жанр научная фантастика, комедия …   Википедия

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”