- Bornholm
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a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, S of Sweden. 47,126; 227 sq. mi. (588 sq. km).
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Lying in the Baltic Sea south of Sweden, it has an area of 227 sq mi (588 sq km). Its seat is at Rønne. Once a Viking stronghold, it was seized by the Hanseatic League in 1510. Until 1660 it was held for varying periods by Sweden and Denmark, but it has since been Danish. It is now a popular tourist resort.* * *
Danish island in the Baltic Sea, 105 miles (169 km) southeast of Copenhagen and 22 miles (35 km) southeast of Sweden. Once a Viking stronghold, independent until the 10th century, it was controlled by Sweden and then, in the 16th century, by Lübeck (a German city of the Hanseatic League). Awarded to Sweden by the Treaty of Roskilde (1658), Bornholm was returned to Denmark in 1660. It was occupied by the Germans during World War II and was the only part of Denmark to be bombed (by the Russians in 1945 to hasten the German surrender).The northern two-thirds of the island is composed of granite with a rocky cliff coast and a high-lying wooded interior. The more populous southern part forms an undulating surface of sandstone, limestone, and shale, with a dune coast. The moderately fertile soil supports grains, dairy farming, and pig raising. Principal exports are fish (herring, salmon, and cod), granite, porcelain, and pottery. Tourism is also an important economic factor.Medieval remains include four of Denmark's six 12th-century round churches (fortress-churches) and the ruins of the imposing 13th-century castle of Hammershus (former stronghold of the bishops of Lund, Sweden), now a historical monument. There are also Viking relics. The island is centred on Rønne (its seat, dating from the 12th century) and Neksø. Area 227 square miles (588 square km). Pop. (2008 est.) 42,817.* * *
Universalium. 2010.
