Steptoe, Patrick

▪ British scientists

in full  Patrick Christopher Steptoe 

born June 9, 1913, Witney, Oxfordshire, Eng.

died March 21, 1988, Canterbury, Kent

      British gynecologist who, together with British medical researcher Robert Edwards, perfected in vitro fertilization (IVF) of the human egg. Their technique made possible the birth of Louise Brown, the world's first “test-tube baby,” on July 25, 1978.

      In 1939 Steptoe graduated from the University of London's St. George Hospital Medical School and joined the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve, serving as a surgeon until his ship was sunk and he was taken prisoner by the Italians (1941–43). After his release he continued his medical training in London, Dublin, and Manchester before becoming senior obstetrician and gynecologist at Oldham Hospitals in Oldham (1951–78). In Oldham he conducted research on sterilization and infertility and published Laparoscopy in Gynaecology (1967), concerning the use of the laparoscope (laparoscopy), a narrow tube with a built-in fibre light.

      Steptoe's partnership with Edwards began in 1968, and their work at the Centre for Human Reproduction in Oldham resulted in the birth of more than 1,000 babies, including Louise Brown's younger sister. Steptoe and Edwards cowrote A Matter of Life: The Story of a Medical Breakthrough (1980), which details their discoveries concerning IVF. Steptoe died the day before he was to be made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

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