Rashīd ad-Dīn

▪ Islamic leader

in full  Rashīd Ad-dīn As-sinān  

died 1192

      leader of the Syrian branch of the Assassins (Assassin) (an Ismāʿīlī Shīʿī Muslim sect) at the time of the Third Crusade. He had his headquarters at a fortress in Maşyāf, in northern Syria, and was known to Westerners as the Old Man of the Mountain. Feared for his practice of sending his followers to murder his enemies, he made several attempts on the life of the Ayyūbid leader Saladin, who opposed the Ismāʿīlī Shīʿī sect.

▪ Persian statesman

born 1247

died 1318

      Persian statesman and historian who was the author of a universal history, Jāmiʿ at-tawārīkh.

      He belonged to a Jewish family of Hamadan but was converted to Islām and as a physician joined the court of the Mongol ruler of Persia, Abagha (1265–82). He became vizier to Ghāzān in 1298 and served under his successor Öljeitü. Accused by his rivals of having poisoned his sovereign, he was put to death by Öljeitü's son Abū Saʿīd.

      Rashīd ad-Dīn's history covers a vast field even outside the Muslim world. His sources of information for Mongolia and China were high officials of the Mongol empire and the Mongol records, for India a Buddhist from Kashmir, for the popes and emperors a Catholic monk. There are important chapters describing the social and economic conditions of the Islāmic countries under Ghāzān (1295–1304) and the reforms introduced by this ruler on the advice of the author himself. Rashīd ad-Dīn uses a great number of Mongol and Turkish terms, but his style is lucid and matter-of-fact.

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