Alferov, Zhores

Alferov, Zhores

▪ Russian physicist
in full  Zhores Ivanovich Alfyorov 
born March 15, 1930, Vitebsk, Belorussia, U.S.S.R. [now in Belarus]

      Soviet physicist who, with Herbert Kroemer (Kroemer, Herbert) and Jack S. Kilby (Kilby, Jack), was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2000 for their work that laid the foundation for the modern era of computers and information technology.

      Alferov received a doctorate in physics and mathematics from the A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute (1970); he became director of the institute in 1987. In the 1950s he began work to develop fast optoelectronic and microelectronic components made from semiconductor heterostructures. (While most computer chips and other semiconductor components were made from one kind of material, such as silicon, heterostructure semiconductors were made from layers of different materials.) Using Kroemer's theory, which suggested that a heterostructure transistor was superior to a conventional transistor, Alferov and his research team developed the first practical heterostructure electronic device in 1966. They then pioneered electronic components made from heterostructures, including the first heterostructure laser, which both Alferov and Kroemer had proposed independently in 1963. Heterostructure solid-state lasers made possible fibre-optic communications, and heterostructure devices were later used in communications satellites, bar-code readers, cellular telephone communications, and other products.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • ALFEROV, ZHORES I. — ALFEROV, ZHORES I. (1930– ), Russian Nobel laureate in physics. Alferov was born in Vitebsk, U.S.S.R. (now Vitsyebsk, Belarus), and graduated with a degree in physics (1952) from the Lenin Electrotechnical Institute in Leningrad (now St.… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Alferov, Zhores (Ivanovich) — born March 15, 1930, Vitebsk, Belorussia, U.S.S.R. Soviet physicist. He received a Ph.D. from the A.F. Ioffe Physico Technical Institute in 1970 and became director of the institute in 1987. With a research team, he developed the first practical… …   Universalium

  • Alferov, Zhores (Ivanovich) — (n. 15 mar. 1930, Vitebsk, Bielorrusia, URSS). Físico soviético. Obtuvo un Ph.D. en el A.F. Ioffe Physico Technical Institute en 1970 y llegó a ser director de este instituto en 1987. En 1966, con un equipo de investigación, desarrolló el primer… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Zhorés Alfiórov — Nacimiento 15 de marzo de 1930 (81 años) …   Wikipedia Español

  • Zhores Alferov — Infobox Scientist name = Zhores Alferov imagesize = birth date = birth date and age|1930|3|15 birth place = Vitebsk, Belarus death date = death place = residence = nationality = field = Physics work institution = Ioffe Physico Technical Institute …   Wikipedia

  • Zhores Alferov — Jores Alferov Jaurès Alferov Jaurès Ivanovitch Alferov (en russe : Жорес Иванович Алфёров, Jores[1] Ivanovitch Alfiorov), né le 15 mars  …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Zhores I. Alferov — Jores Alferov Jaurès Alferov Jaurès Ivanovitch Alferov (en russe : Жорес Иванович Алфёров, Jores[1] Ivanovitch Alfiorov), né le 15 mars  …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Zhores Ivanovich Alferov — Jores Alferov Jaurès Alferov Jaurès Ivanovitch Alferov (en russe : Жорес Иванович Алфёров, Jores[1] Ivanovitch Alfiorov), né le 15 mars  …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Zhores Alferov — Schores Alfjorow (2003) Schores Iwanowitsch Alfjorow (russisch Жорес Иванович Алфёров, wiss. Transliteration Žores Ivanovič Alfërov, benannt nach Jean Jaurès; * 15. März 1930 in Wizebsk, Weißrussland) ist ein russischer Physiker. Er ist Direktor… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Zhores I. Alferov — Schores Alfjorow (2003) Schores Iwanowitsch Alfjorow (russisch Жорес Иванович Алфёров, wiss. Transliteration Žores Ivanovič Alfërov, benannt nach Jean Jaurès; * 15. März 1930 in Wizebsk, Weißrussland) ist ein russischer Physiker. Er ist Direktor… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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