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▪ 1997Political PartiesThe following Table (Political Parties) is a guide to the principal political parties and coalitions of the world. All countries that were independent on Dec. 31, 1996, are included, except the Vatican City State. In most instances parties are included only if represented in elected parliaments (in the lower house in bicameral legislatures). (Party names may be condensed or omitted for reasons of space or to more clearly indicate party groupings.) The first column under "Parliamentary representation" indicates the number of seats obtained in the most recent general election and excludes nonelective seats and seats still undecided. If only a portion of the seats were at stake, the figure given indicates the total number of seats held by each party after the election. The second column (in parentheses) represents the number of seats in the penultimate election and may include different coalitions. The date of the most recent election follows the name of the country.The capital letters in the column "Affiliation" show the relative positions of the parties within the political spectrum of each country. The key chosen is as follows: F-fascist; ER-extreme right; R-right; CR-centre right; C-centre; CL-centre left; SD-social democratic; S-socialist; L-non-Marxist left; K-Communist; and EL-extreme left. In addition, within some countries there are political organizations that exist chiefly to advance a special interest as distinct from a political orientation. These are represented by lowercase letters as follows: x-parties that have repudiated former Communist affiliation; e-parties based on distinct regional, ethnic, or linguistic identity; r-parties based on religion, usually fundamentalist; g-environmental, or Green; and p-parties based largely on personalities.The numbers in the column "Voting strength" indicate proportions of the valid votes cast for the respective parties. (STEPHEN NEHER; MELINDA C. SHEPHERD)▪ 1996Political PartiesThe table (Political Parties) is a general guide to the principal political parties and coalitions of the world. All countries that were independent on Dec. 31, 1995, are included, except the Vatican City State. In most instances parties are included only if represented in elected parliaments (in the lower house in bicameral legislatures). (Party names may be condensed or omitted for reasons of space or to more clearly indicate party groupings.) Figures in the column "Parliamentary representation" indicate the number of seats obtained in the most recent general election (figures in parentheses are those of the penultimate one) and exclude nonelective seats and seats still undecided. If only a portion of the seats were at stake in the last general election, the figure given indicates the total number of seats held by each party after the election. The date of the most recent election follows the name of the country.The capital letters in the column "Affiliation" show the relative positions of the parties within the political spectrum of each country. The key chosen is as follows: F-fascist; ER-extreme right; R-right; CR-centre right; C-centre; CL-centre left; SD-social democratic; S-socialist; L-non-Marxist left; K-Communist; and EL-extreme left. In addition, within some countries there are political organizations that exist chiefly to advance a special interest as distinct from a political orientation. These are represented by lower-case letters as follows: x-parties that have repudiated former Communist affiliation; e-parties based on distinct regional, ethnic, or linguistic identity; r-religious fundamentalist; g-environmental, or Green; and p-parties based largely on personalities.The numbers in the column "Voting strength" indicate proportions of the valid votes cast for the respective parties. (MELINDA C. SHEPHERD)▪ 1995Political PartiesThe following table (Political Parties) is a general guide to the principal political parties and coalitions of the world. All countries that were independent on Dec. 31, 1994, are included, except the Vatican City State. In most instances parties are included only if represented in elected parliaments (in the lower house in bicameral legislatures). Figures in the column "Parliamentary representation" indicate the number of seats obtained in the most recent general election (figures in parentheses are those of the penultimate one) and exclude nonelective seats and seats still undecided. If only a portion of the seats were at stake in the last general election, the figure given indicates the total number of seats held by each party after the election. The date of the most recent election follows the name of the country.The capital letters in the column "Affiliation" show the relative positions of the parties within the political spectrum of each country. The key chosen is as follows: F-fascist; ER-extreme right; R-right; CR-centre right; C-centre; CL-centre left; SD-social democratic; S-socialist; L-non-Marxist left; K-Communist; and EL-extreme left. In addition, within some countries there are political organizations that exist chiefly to advance a special interest as distinct from a political orientation. These are represented by lower-case letters as follows: x-parties that have repudiated former Communist affiliation; e-parties based on distinct regional, ethnic, or linguistic identity; pen-pensioners; r-religious fundamentalist; g-environmental, or Green; and p-parties based largely on personalities.The numbers in the column "Voting strength" indicate proportions of the valid votes cast for the respective parties. (MELINDA C. SHEPHERD)▪ 1994Political PartiesThe Political Parties table (Political Parties) is a general guide to the principal political parties and coalitions of the world. All countries that were independent on Dec. 31, 1993, are included, except the Vatican City State. Parties are included in most instances only if represented in elected parliaments (in the lower house in bicameral legislatures). Figures in the column "Parliamentary representation" indicate the number of seats obtained in the last general election (figures in parentheses are those of the penultimate one) and exclude nonelective seats and seats still undecided. If only a portion of the seats were at stake in the last general election, the figure given indicates the total number of seats held by each party after the election. The date of the most recent election follows the name of the country.The capital letters in the column "Affiliation" show the relative positions of the parties within the political spectrum of each country. The key chosen is as follows: F-fascist; ER-extreme right; R-right; CR-centre right; C-centre; CL-centre left; SD-social democratic; S-socialist; L-non-Marxist left; K-Communist; and EL-extreme left. In addition, within some countries there are political organizations that exist chiefly to advance a special interest as distinct from a political orientation. These are represented by lower-case letters as follows: x-parties that have repudiated former Communist affiliation; e-parties based on distinct regional, ethnic, or linguistic identity; r-religious fundamentalist; g-environmental, or Green; and p-parties based largely on personalities.The numbers in the column "Voting strength" indicate proportions of the valid votes cast for the respective parties. (MELINDA C. SHEPHERD)
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▪ TableParlia-Voting mentaryCountry Affili- strength represen-Name of party ation (%) tationAfghanistanMultifactional warfarefrom January 1993 — — —Albania (March 1992)Democratic Party CR 62.1 92 (75)Social Democratic Party SD 4.4 7 —Socialist Party x 25.7 38 (169)Other — 7.8 3 (6)AlgeriaInterim governmentsince January 1992 — — —Andorra (December 1993)National DemocraticGrouping and allies ... ... 15Others and independents ... ... 13Angola (September 1992)Popular Liberation Movement ofAngola-Labour Party (MPLA-PT) x 53.7 129 (203)National Union for the TotalOthers — 12.2 21 —Antigua and Barbuda (March 1994)Antigua Labour Party C 54.4 11 (15)United Progressive Party C 43.7 5 (1)Barbuda People's Movement e 1.4 1 (1)Argentina (October 1993)Movement for Dignityand Independence R 5.8 7 (3)Union of the Democratic Centre CR 2.6 5 (10)Justicialist National MovementRadical Civic Union CL 30.0 83 (85)Provincial parties e 10.4 38 (19)Others — 8.9 (18)Armenia (May-July 1990)Supreme Soviet — — ...Australia (March 1993)National R 7.5 16 (14)Liberal C 36.8 49 (55)Labor L 44.9 80 (78)Others and independents — 10.8 2 (1)Austria (October 1994)Austrian Freedom Party R 22.6 42 (33)Austrian People's Party C 27.7 52 (60)Austrian Social Democratic Party SD 35.2 65 (80)Liberal Forum L 5.7 11 (—)Greens Lg 7.0 13 (10)AzerbaijanInterim parliamentfrom May 1992 — — —Bahamas, The (August 1992)Progressive Liberal Party C 44.7 15 (31)Free National Movement C 55.0 34 (16)Others — 0.3 0 (2)BahrainConsultative Council(advisory body) — — —Bangladesh (February 1991)Bangladesh Nationalist Party CR 31 166 (18)Awami League SD 31 89 —Islamic Assembly r 12 21 (5)Others — 15 19 (25)Barbados (September 1994)Democratic Labour Party C 38.4 8 (18)National Democratic Party — 12.7 1 (0)Barbados Labour Party SD 48.3 19 (10)Belarus (March 1990)Supreme Soviet K — 272Belgium (November 1991)Vlaams Blok ERe 6.6 12 (2)Volksunie Re 5.9 10 (16)Front Démocratique Re 1.5 3 (3)Flemish CR 11.9 26 (25)LiberalsFrench CR 8.2 20 (23)Flemish C 16.7 39 (43)Social ChristiansFrench C 7.8 18 (19)Flemish SD 12.0 28 (32)SocialistsFrench SD 13.6 35 (40)Flemish g 4.9 7 (6)GreensFrench g 5.1 10 (3)Others — 7.3 7 (3)Belize (June 1993)United Democratic Party R 48.8 16 (13)People's United Party C 51.2 13 (15)Benin (February 1991)Union of the Forces of Progress(formerly sole party) — ... 021 other parties — ... 64BhutanNational Assembly, no parties — — 105Bolivia (June 1993)Civic Solidarity Union R ... 20 —Nationalist RevolutionaryMovement CR 36 52 (40)Conscience of the Fatherland CL ... 13 (9)Free Bolivia Movement L ... 7 —Others — ... 3 (10)Bosnia and Herzegovina (December 1990)Serbian Democratic Party e ... 72Croatian Democratic Union e ... 44Democratic Party of Socialists x ... 20Others — ... 18Botswana (October 1994)Botswana Democratic Party C ... 26 (31)Botswana National Front CL ... 13 (3)Brazil (October 1994)Rightist parties R ... 90Social Democracy and allies C ... 175 (243)Democratic Movement and allies CL ... 105 (146)Workers Party and allies L ... 77 (95)Others — ... 66 (14)BruneiBulgaria (December 1994)Union of Democratic Forces CL 24 69 (110)Bulgarian Socialist Party x 44 125 (106)Movement for Rights andPopular Union — ... 46 (—)Bulgarian Business Bloc — ... (—)Burkina Faso (May 1992)Government coalition ... ... 84Opposition parties ... ... 23Burundi (June 1993)Burundi Democratic Front — 72.6 65Unity for National Progress — 21.9 16Cambodia (May 1993)Funcinpec CR 45.5 58Buddhist LiberalDemocratic Party L 3.8 10Cambodian People's Party x 38.2 51Others — 12.5 1Cameroon (March 1992)People's Democratic Movementand allied party — ... 94 (180)Opposition parties — ... 86 —Canada (October 1993)Reform R 18.1 52 —Progressive Conservative CR 16.1 2 (170)Liberal C 41.6 177 (82)New Democratic SD 6.6 9 (43)Bloc Québécois e 13.9 54 —Others and independents — 3.7 1 (0)Cape Verde (January 1991)Movement for Democracy — 68.5 56 —African Party for the Independenceof Cape Verde — 31.5 23 (83)Central African Republic(August-September 1993)Central African People'sLiberation Party — ... 34Others — ... 51ChadTransitional governmentsince March 1991 — — —Chile (December 1993)Independent Democratic Union ER ... 15 (11)National Renovation and allied party R ... 31 (29)Centre-right independents CR ... 4 (8)Christian Democratic Party C ... 37 (38)Leftist parties and independent CL-L ... 33 (34)China (September 1992-March 1993)National People's Congress K ... 2,978Colombia (March 1994)Social Conservative Party R ... 56 (15)Other rightist parties R ... ... (24)Liberal Party C ... 89 (86)Democratic Alliance-April 19 Movement L-EL ... 2 (15)Patriotic Union EL ... ... (2)Others — ... 16 (19)Comoros (December 1993)Government supporters — ... 24 (17)Opposition parties — ... 18 (25)Congo (May-October 1993)Presidential Coalition — ... 63 (69)Opposition Coalition — ... 50 (49)Others — ... 4 (7)Costa Rica (February 1994)Social Christian Unity Party CR 40.4 25 (29)National Liberation Party CL 44.6 28 (25)Others — 15.0 4 (3)Côte d'Ivoire (November 1990)Democratic Party — ... 163 (175)Popular Front SD ... 9 —Others and independents — ... 3 —Croatia (August 1992)Croatian Party of Rights ERe 6.4 5Croatian Democratic Union e 41.5 85Croatian People's Party C 6.9 6Croatian Social-Liberal Party CL 18.3 14Party of Democratic Changes x 5.8 11Others and independents — 20.6 17Cuba (February 1993)Communist Party K ... 589 (499)CyprusGreek Zone (May 1991)Democratic Rally R 35.8 20 (19)Democratic Party (DIKO) CR 19.5 11 (16)Socialist Party (EDEK) CL 10.9 7 (6)Progressive Party of theWorking People K 30.6 18 (15)Turkish Zone (December 1993)National Unity Party CR 29.9 17Democrat Party — 29.2 15Communal Liberation Party CL 13.3 5Republican Turkish Party S 24.2 13Czech Republic (June 1992)Association for the Republic-Czech Republican Party ER 6.0 14Governing coalition R-CR 41.9 105Czech Social Democratic Party SD 6.5 16Left Bloc x 14.1 35Moravia/Silesia regional party e 5.9 14Others — 19.1 0Denmark (September 1994)Progress ER 6.4 11 (12)Liberal R 23.3 42 (29)Conservative People's R 15.0 27 (30)Christian People's CR 1.8 0 (4)Centre Democrats C 2.8 5 (9)Radical Liberal C 4.6 8 (7)Social Democrats SD 34.6 62 (69)Socialist People's S 7.3 13 (15)Unity List EL 3.1 6 (0)Faeroe Islands and Greenland — — 4 (4)Independents — 1.0 1 (0)Djibouti (December 1992)Popular Rally for Progress — 74.6 65 (65)New Democratic Party — 25.4 0 —Dominica (May 1990)Dominica Freedom Party CR 49.4 11 (15)Dominica United Workers' Party C 23.5 6 —Labour Party L 26.9 4 (5)Independents — ... 0 (1)Dominican Republic (May 1994)Social Christian Reformist Party CR ... 51 (40)Dominican Revolutionary Partyand allies L ... 57 (36)Dominican Liberation Party L ... 12 (44)Ecuador (May 1994)Conservative Party R ... 6 (6)Republican Unity Party CR ... 3 (12)Social Christian Party CR ... 26 (21)Popular Democracy C ... 4 (5)Roldosist Party — ... 11 (13)Democratic Left SD ... 8 (7)Democratic Popular Movement EL ... 8 (4)Others — ... 11 (9)Egypt (November-December 1990)New Wafd Party R (Boycotted) (35)National Democratic Party CR 79.6 348 (346)Socialist Labour Party and allies L (Boycotted) (60)National Progressive Unionist L 1.4 6 (0)Independents — ... 83 (7)El Salvador (March 1994)Nationalist Republican AllianceNational Conciliation Party R ... 4 (9)Christian Democratic Party CR 16 18 (26)Democratic Convergence L ... 1 (8)Farabundo Martí NationalLiberation Front L 29 21 (—)Others — ... 1 (2)Equatorial Guinea (November 1993)Democratic Party — ... 68 (41)Principal opposition parties — (Boycotted) —Others — ... 12 —EritreaTransitional governmentfrom May 1993 — — —Estonia (September 1992)Pro Patria coalition CR 22.0 29 —Estonian Popular Front C 12.2 15 (43)Estonian National Independence C 8.8 10 —Moderates CL 9.7 12 —Safe Haven — 13.6 17 —Others — 33.7 18 (62)EthiopiaTransitional governmentsince July 1991 — — —Fiji (February 1994)Ethnic Fijian seats e ... 37 (37)Ethnic Indian seats e ... 27 (27)Chinese/European seats e ... 4 (4)Multiracial seat e ... 1 (1)Rotuma Island e ... 1 (1)Finland (March 1991)National Coalition Party R 19.0 40 (53)Swedish People's e 5.4 12 (12)Centre Party C 24.4 55 (40)Christian Union C 3.0 8 (5)Rural Party C 4.8 7 (9)Social Democratic L 21.7 48 (56)Left-Wing Alliance S 9.9 19 (20)Green Union g 6.7 10 (4)Others — 5.2 2 (1)France (March 1993; 1st round %s)National Front ER 12.4 0 (1)Rally for the Republic (RPR) R 20.4 247 (127)Other right-wing parties R 4.7 24 (16)Union for French Democracy (UDF) CR 19.1 213 (129)Socialist Party S 17.6 54 (260)Other left-wing parties L 4.5 16 (16)Communist Party K 9.2 23 (27)Environmentalist parties g 7.6 0 —Other — 4.5 0 (1)Gabon (September 1990)Democratic Party — ... 66 (111)Progress Party — ... 19 —Rally of Woodcutters — ... 17 —Others — ... 18 —Gambia, TheMilitary governmentsince July 1994 — — —Georgia (October 1992)Parliament — — 235Germany (October 1994)Christian Social Union R 7.3 50 (51)Christian Democratic Union CR 34.2 244 (268)Free Democratic Party C 6.9 47 (79)Social Democratic Party SD 36.4 252 (239)Party of DemocraticSocialism x 4.4 30 (17)Greens/Alliance '90 g 7.3 49 (8)Others — 3.5 0 (0)Ghana (December 1992)National Democratic Congress — ... 189Others — ... 11Greece (October 1993)Political Spring CR 4.9 10 —New Democracy CR 39.3 111 (152)Panhellenic Socialist Movement(Pasok) S 46.9 170 (124)Progressive Left Coalition L-K 2.9 0Communist Party K 4.5 9 (21)Others — 1.5 0 (3)Grenada (March 1990)Grenada United Labour Party R 28.3 4 (1)National Democratic Congress C 34.6 7 (6)National Party C 17.4 2 (5)New National Party C 17.2 2 (3)Guatemala (August 1994)National Advancement Party R 25.3 24 (12)Guatemalan Republican Front R 32.2 32 (...)Solidarity Action Movement CR 3.2 0 (18)Christian Democratic Party C 12.1 13 (28)National Centre Union C 8.9 8 (41)Others and independents — 18.3 3 (17)GuineaTransitional governmentsince January 1991 — — —Guinea-Bissau (July 1994)African Party for the Independenceof Guinea and Cape Verde — ... 62 (150)Resistance Party — ... 19 —Other opposition parties — ... 19 —Guyana (October 1992)United Force CR 1.2 1 (2)People's National Congress Se 43.6 31 (42)People's Progressive Party Se 52.3 32 (8)Working Peoples Alliance L 1.7 1 (1)Haiti (December 1990-January 1991)National Front for ChangeOthers — ... 54Honduras (November 1993)National Party R 43.0 55 (71)Liberal Party CR 53.0 71 (55)Others — 4.0 2 (2)Hungary (May 1994)Independent Smallholders R 8.8 26 (43)Hungarian Democratic Forum CR 11.7 37 (165)Christian Democratic People's Party CR 7.1 22 (21)Alliance of Free Democrats CL 19.8 70 (92)Federation of Young Democrats L 7.0 20 (21)Hungarian Socialist Party x 33.0 209 (33)Others and independents — 12.6 2 (11)Iceland (April 1991)Independence Party R 38.6 26 (18)Progressive (Farmers') Party C 18.9 13 (13)Social Democratic Party SD 15.5 10 (10)People's Alliance x 14.4 9 (8)Women's Alliance — 8.3 5 (6)Others — 4.3 0 (8)India (May 1991-February 1992)Bharatiya Janata Rr ... 121 (88)Congress (I) C ... 245 (192)Janata Dal CL ... 58 (141)Communist parties K ... 49 (43)Others — ... 72 (59)Indonesia (June 1992)Golkar (Functional Groups) — 68 281 (299)United Development Party r 17 63 (61)Indonesian Democratic Party — 15 56 (40)Iran (April-May 1992)Consultative Assembly,no parties since 1987 — ... 270Iraq (April 1989)Ba'th Party — 64Others — 36 250Ireland (November 1992)Progressive Democrats R 4.7 10 (5)Fine Gael (United Ireland) C 24.5 45 (55)Labour Party SD 19.3 33 (16)Democratic Left S 2.8 4 (7)Green Alliance g 1.4 1 (1)Others — 8.2 5 (5)Israel (June 1992)Moledet ER 2.4 3 (2)Tzomet R 6.4 8 (2)United Torah Judaism r 3.3 4 (7)Shas Rr 4.9 6 (6)Likud R 24.9 32 (40)National Religious (Mafdal) CRr 5.0 6 (5)Labour SD 34.6 44 (39)Meretz SD 9.6 12 (10)Hadash K 2.4 3 (4)Others — 4.9 0 (4)Italy (March 1994)National Alliance F 13.5 109 (34)Northern League Re 8.4 113 (55)Forza Italia R 21.0 112 (—)Other rightist supporters R 3.5 32 (—)Christian Democratic Party) C 15.7 46 (206)Democratic Alliance/ItalianSocialists SD/L 3.4 33 (119)The Network (anti-Mafia) L 1.9 8 (12)Democratic Party of the Left x 20.4 114 (107)Communist Refoundation Party K 6.0 41 (35)Green List g 2.7 11 (16)Other leftist supporters L — 6 (—)Others — 3.5 5 (46)Jamaica (March 1993)Jamaica Labour Party CL 39 8 (15)People's National Party L 61 52 (45)Japan (July 1993)Liberal-Democratic Party R 36.7 225 (275)Shinseito (Japan Renewal) R 10.1 55 —Japan New Party R 8.1 36 —New Party Sakigake R 2.6 13 —Komeito (Clean Government) C 8.1 52 (45)Democratic Socialist Party SD 3.5 15 (14)United Social Democratic Party SD 0.7 4 (4)Social Democratic Party S 15.4 70 (136)Japan Communist Party L 7.7 15 (16)Independents and others — 7.1 27 (22)Jordan (November 1993)Islamic Action Front r ... 16 (20)Independent Islamicfundamentalists r ... 5 (12)Tribal/traditional candidates C ... 49Independent centrists C ... 3 (17)Leftists L ... 7 (11)Kazakhstan (March 1994)Presidential supporters — 60 ...Others — 40 ...Kenya (December 1992)Kenya African National Union — ... 100 (188)Forum for Restoration ofDemocracy (2 wings) — ... 62 —Democratic Party — ... 23 —Others — ... 3 —Kiribati (July 1994)House of Assembly — ... 39Korea, North (April 1990)Korean Workers' Party K 99.8 687Korea, South (March 1992)United People's Party — 17.3 31Democratic Liberal Party — 38.5 149Democratic Party — 29.2 97Others and independents — 15.0 22Kuwait (October 1992)Government supporters — ... 19Fundamental opposition r ... 19Liberal opposition — ... 12Kyrgyzstan (February 1990)Supreme Soviet — — 350Laos (December 1992)Lao People's Revolutionary Partyand allies K ... 85 (79)Latvia (June 1993)Ultranationalist parties ER 18.8 21 —Latvia's WayLatvian Farmers' Union CR 43.0 48 —Popular Front — 2.6 0 (131)Harmony for Latvia CL 12.0 13 —Equal Rights CL 5.8 7 —Communist Party K (banned) (59)Others — 17.8 11 (11)Lebanon (August-October 1992)Christian members — ... 64Muslim/Druze members — ... 64Lesotho (March 1993)Basotho Congress Party — 74.8 65Basotho National Party — 22.7 0LiberiaNo effective government sinceDecember 1993 — — —LibyaMilitary government sinceSept. 1, 1969 — — —Liechtenstein (October 1993)Progressive Citizens' Party CR 41.3 11 (12)Fatherland Union C 50.1 13 (11)The Free List g 8.5 1 (2)Lithuania (October-November 1992)Christian Democrats and allies R 12.9 18Reform Movement (Sajudis) CR 21.7 29Social Democratic Party SD 6.2 8Democratic Labour Party x 45.1 74Others and independents — 14.1 14Luxembourg (June 1994)Christian Social People's Party CR 29.3 21 (22)Democratic Party C 11.6 12 (11)Socialist Workers' Party S 33.5 17 (18)Communist Party K 2.8 0 (1)Action Committee for Democracyand Justice pen 7.1 5 (4)Green Alternative g 10.2 5 (4)Macedonia (October 1994)Alliance of Macedonia x ... 95Party of DemocraticOthers and independents — ... 25Madagascar (June 1993)Living Forces coalition — ... 75Others — ... 59Malawi (May 1994)United Democratic Front e 46.4 84 (—)Malawi Congress Party e 33.6 55 (136)Alliance for Democracy e 18.9 36 (—)Malaysia (October 1990)Muslim Unity Movement CR ... 15 —National Front (Barisan Nasional)United Malays NationalOrganization e 71 (83)Allied parties e 54.2 56 (65)Democratic Action Party SD ... 20 (24)Others and independents — ... 18 (5)Maldives (December 1994)Citizens' Assembly — ... 48Mali (February-March 1992)Alliance for Democracy in Mali — 48.4 76Others — 51.6 40Malta (February 1992)Nationalist Party R 51.8 34 (35)Labour Party SD 46.5 31 (34)Marshall Islands (November 1991)House of Representatives — — 33Mauritania (March 1992)Democratic and SocialRepublican Party R 85 67Others and independents — 15 12Mauritius (September 1991)Mauritian Social Movementand allies CL ... 59 (49)Opposition parties CL ... 3 (13)Mexico (August 1994)Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) C ... 300 (320)Democratic Revolutionary Party L ... 71 (41)Others — ... 10 (50)Micronesia (March 1993)Congress, no parties — ... 14Moldova (February 1994)Christian Democratic People's Front Re 7.5 9Peasants/Intellectuals bloc Ce 9.2 11Agrarian Democratic Party C-x 43.2 56Socialist/Unity bloc xe 22.0 28Others — 18.1 0Monaco (January 1993)National and Democratic Union — ... 15 (18)Others — ... 3 (0)Mongolia (June 1992)Mongolian People'sRevolutionary Party x 56.9 71 (33)Others — 43.1 5 (20)Morocco (June-September 1993)Constitutional Union CR ... 54 (83)National Democratic Party CR ... 24 (24)Berber parties CRe ... 76 (47)National Assembly ofIndependents C ... 41 (61)Democratic Bloc CL-EL ... 120 (85)Others and independents — ... 18 (6)Mozambique (October 1994)Mozambique LiberationMozambique NationalDemocratic Union — 5.2 9MyanmarMilitary governmentsince September 1988 — — —Namibia (December 1994)Democratic Turnhalle Alliance C 70 15 (21)South West Africa People'sOrganization (SWAPO) L 22 53 (41)Others — 8 4 (10)Nauru (November 1992)Presidential supporters p — 9Presidential opponents p — 9Nepal (November 1994)National Democratic parties R ... 20 (4)Nepali Congress Party C ... 83 (110)Communist parties K ... 88 (82)Others and independents — ... 14 (9)Netherlands, The (May 1994)Christian Democratic Appeal CR 22.2 34 (54)People's Party for Freedomand Democracy CR 19.9 31 (22)Democrats 66 CL 15.5 24 (12)Labour Party SD 24.0 37 (49)Green Left g 3.5 5 (6)General Union of the Elderly pen 4.5 6 (—)Others — 10.4 13 (7)New Zealand (November 1993)New Zealand First — 8.4 2 —National Party CR 35.0 50 (67)Labour Party CL 34.7 45 (29)Nicaragua (February 1990)National Opposition Union CR 54.7 51Sandinista National Liberation Front L 40.8 39Others — 4.5 2Niger (February 1993)Government Coalition — ... 50Former government party — ... 29Others — ... 4NigeriaMilitary government sinceNovember 1993Norway (September 1993)Progress Party R 6.3 10 (22)Conservative Party R 16.9 28 (37)Christian People's Party CR 7.9 13 (14)Centre Party CR 16.8 32 (11)Labour Party SD 37.0 67 (63)Socialist Left S 7.9 13 (17)Others — 7.2 2 (1)OmanConsultative Council (advisory body) — — —Pakistan (October 1993)Religious parties Rr ... 10 (6)Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) — 41.0 72 (105)Pakistan Muslim League (Junejo) — ... 6Pakistan People's Party CL 38.0 86 (45)Mohajir Qaumi Movement e (Boycotted) (15)Other and independents — ... 27 (30)Palau (November 1992)House of Delegates — — 14Panama (May 1994)Democratic Revolutionary Partyand allies — ... 36Opposition bloc — ... 30Papa Egoró — ... 6Papua New Guinea (June 1992)United Party (Pangu Pati) p ... 22 (26)People's Democratic Movement p ... 15 (18)Others p ... 40 (41)Independents — ... 31 (21)Paraguay (May 1993)Colorado Party R 43.0 38 (48)Authentic Radical Liberal Party CL 35.1 33 (19)National Encounter coalition — 17.1 9 —Others — 4.8 0 (5)Peru (November 1992)Christian Popular Party R 7.5 8Liberal Party R — — (60)Popular Action CR (Boycotted)New Majority-Change 90 — 37.0 44 (32)American Popular RevolutionaryAlliance CL (Boycotted) (52)Others — 55.5 28 (36)Philippines (May 1992)National People's Coalition R ... 48Liberal Party C ... 15National Union ofChristian Democrats — ... 51Democratic Filipino Struggle — ... 87Poland (September 1993)Confederation for anIndependent Poland R 5.8 22 (46)Non-Party Bloc to Support Reform R 5.4 16 —Democratic Union CL 10.6 74 (62)Labour Union L 7.3 41 (4)Democratic Left Alliance x 20.4 171 (60)Polish Peasant Party x 15.4 132 (48)German minority organizations e 0.5 4 (7)Others — 34.6 0 (233)Portugal (October 1991)Social Democratic Party C 50.4 135 (148)Socialist Party L 29.3 72 (60)Communist alliance K 8.8 17 (31)Other parties — 11.5 6 (11)QatarConsultative Council (advisory body) — — —Romania (September 1992)Romanian National Unity Party ERe 7.7 30Greater Romania e 3.9 16Democratic Convention of Romania CR 20.0 82Democratic National Salvation Front x 27.7 117National Salvation Front x 10.2 43Hungarian Democratic Union e 7.5 27Others — 23.0 13Russia (December 1993)Liberal Democratic Party F 22.8 64Russia's Democratic Choice R 15.4 66Party of Russian Unityand Accord CR 6.8 19Yavlinsky-Boldyrev-Lukin bloc C 7.8 27Women of Russia C 8.1 23Democratic Party C 5.5 15Communist Party K 12.3 48Agrarian Party of Russia K 7.9 33Other parties — 13.4 22Independents elected fromconstituency lists — — 127RwandaInterim legislaturefrom November 1994 — — —Saint Kitts and Nevis (November 1993)People's Action Movement CL 33.6 4 (6)Nevis Reformation Party CL 8.5 1 (2)St Kitts-Nevis Labour Party L 43.8 4 (2)Concerned Citizens' Movement — 10.9 2 (1)Saint Lucia (April 1992)United Workers' Party C 54.9 11 (9)St. Lucia Labour Party CL 41.9 6 (8)Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (February 1994)New Democratic Party C 54.6 12 (15)St. Vincent Labour Party L 26.0 2 (0)Movement for National Unity L 17.3 1 (0)San Marino (May 1993)Christian Democrats CR 41.4 26 (27)Socialist Party S 23.7 14 (7)Progressive Democratic Party x 18.6 11 (18)Popular Democratic Alliance — 7.7 4 —Other parties — 8.6 5 (8)São Tomé and Príncipe (October 1994)Party of DemocraticConvergence C 17 14 (33)Movement for Liberation L 43 27 (21)Independent Democratic Action — 26 14 —Saudi ArabiaConsultative Council (advisory body) — — —Senegal (May 1993)Socialist Party SD 56.6 84 (103)Senegalese Democratic Party — 30.2 27 (17)Let Us Unite Senegal EL 4.9 3 —Other parties — 8.3 6 —Seychelles (July 1993)People's Progressive Front L 57.5 28 (23)Others — 42.5 5 —Sierra LeoneMilitary governmentsince May 1992 — — —Singapore (August 1991)People's Action Party CR 61 77 (80)Democratic Party CL 12 3 (1)Workers' Party L 14 1 (0)Slovakia (September-October 1994)Slovak National Party Re 5.4 9 (15)Christian Democratic Movement CR 10.1 17 (18)Movement for a DemocraticSlovakia — 35.0 61 (74)Democratic Left x 10.4 18 (29)Hungarian minority coalition e 10.2 17 (14)Others — 28.9 28 (0)Slovenia (December 1992)Slovenian National Party ER 10.2 12Christian Democrats CR 14.5 15Slovenian People's Party — 8.7 10Associated List coalition — 13.6 14Democratic Party C 5.1 6Liberal Democratic Party CL 23.5 22Social Democratic Party SD 3.3 4Greens of Slovenia g 3.7 5Others — 17.4 0Solomon Islands (May 1993)Government Alliance p ... 24Opposition party p ... 23SomaliaNo effective governmentsince January 1991 — — —South Africa (April 1994)Freedom Front ER 2.2 9National Party CR 20.4 82Inkatha Freedom Party e 10.5 43Democratic Party C 1.7 7African National Congress CL 62.7 252Pan-Africanist Congress EL 1.2 5Others — 1.3 2Spain (June 1993)Popular Party R 34.8 141 (107)Democratic and Social Centre C 1.7 0 (14)Basque Nationalist Party Ce 1.2 5 (5)Canary Islands coalition Ce 0.9 4 —Socialist Workers' Party S 38.7 159 (175)United Left L-K 9.6 18 (17)Herri Batasuna (Basque radicals) ELe 0.9 2 (4)Others — 7.2 4 (10)Sri Lanka (August 1994)United National Party SD ... 94 (125)Muslim Congress r ... 7 (4)People's Alliance — ... 105Others and independents — ... 19 (96)Sudan, TheTransitional governmentsince February 1992 — — —Suriname (May 1991)National Democratic Party — 21.8 12 (3)Front for Democracy and Development(four-party coalition) — 54.2 30 (42)Democratic Alternative '91 — 16.7 9 —Swaziland (September-October 1993)House of Assembly, no parties — — 55Sweden (September 1994)New Democracy R 1.2 0 (24)Christian Democrats R 4.1 14 (27)Social Democrats S 45.3 161 (138)Left Party x 6.2 22 (16)Greens g 5.0 18 (0)Switzerland (October 1991)Christian Democrats R 18.3 36 (42)Liberal Party R 3.0 10 (9)Swiss People's CR 11.9 25 (25)Radical Democrats C 21.0 44 (51)Social Democrats SD 18.5 41 (41)Green Party g 6.1 14 (9)Others — 21.2 30 (23)Syria (August 1994)National Progressive FrontBa'th Party and allies — ... 167 (166)Independents — ... 83 (84)Taiwan (December 1992)Democratic Progressive Party — 31 52 (21)Others and Independents — 16 15 (8)Tajikistan (March 1990)Supreme Soviet — — 230Tanzania (October 1990)Revolutionary Partyof Tanzania (CCM) — ... 204 (169)Thailand (September 1992)Pro-military parties:Thai Nation — 21.4 77National Development — 16.7 60Others — 1.1 4Pro-democrary parties:Democrat — 21.9 79New Aspiration — 14.2 51Righteous Force — 13.1 47Solidarity — 2.2 8Others — 9.4 34Togo (February 1994)Rally of the Togolese People — ... 35Action Committee for Renewal — ... 34Union for Democracy — ... 6Others — ... 3Tonga (February 1993)Pro-Democracy Movement — ... 6 (6)Others — ... 3 (3)Trinidad and Tobago (December 1991)People's National Movement C 45.1 21 (3)National Alliance forReconstruction (four parties) C 24.4 2 (33)United National Congress L 29.1 13 —Tunisia (March 1994)Government party CL 97.7 144 (141)Others — 2.3 19 (0)Turkey (October 1991)Nationalist Labour Party ER 19 —Welfare Party Rr 16.4 43 (0)True Path Party CR 26.2 178 (59)Motherland Party CR 23.3 115 (292)Social Democratic Populist CL 66 (99)People's Labour Party e 20.1 22 —Democratic Left Party CL 10.4 7 (0)Turkmenistan (December 1994)Assembly — — 50Tuvalu (November 1993)Parliament, no parties — — 12UgandaMilitary regime from July 1985 — — —Ukraine (March-April 1994)Extreme nationalist parties ERe ... 5Less extreme nationalist parties CRe ... 15Ukrainian Popular Movement (Rukh) Ce ... 20Centrist parties C ... 17Communist Party and allies K-EL ... 118Unaffiliated members — ... 163United Arab EmiratesFederal National Council(advisory body) — — —United Kingdom (April 1992)Democratic Unionists Re 0.3 3 (3)Conservative Party CR 41.9 336 (375)Liberal Democrats CL 17.9 20 (22)Labour Party L 34.4 271 (229)Scottish National Party e 1.9 3 (3)Plaid Cymru (Welsh Nationalists) e 0.5 4 (3)Ulster Unionists — 0.8 9 (9)Social Democratic and LabourOther — 1.5 1 (2)United States (November 1994)Republican CR ... 230 (175)Democratic C ... 204 (259)Other — ... 1 (1)Uruguay (November 1994)National (Blanco) Party C 31.4 31 (39)Colorado Party C 32.5 32 (30)New Space SD 5.1 5 (9)Progressive Encounter(also called Broad Front) SD-EL 30.8 31 (21)Uzbekistan (December 1994)People's Democratic Party x ... 205National Progress Party — ... 6Vanuatu (December 1991)Union of Moderate Parties CR ... 19 (20)National United Party CR ... 10 —Vanua'aku Pati — ... 12 (26)Others — ... 5 (0)Venezuela (December 1993)COPEI (Social Christians) CR-CL ... 54 (67)Democratic Action SD ... 55 (97)National Convergence (—)Movement to Socialism L ... 50 (18)The Radical Cause EL ... 40 (3)Others — ... 0 (16)Vietnam (July 1992)National Assembly — ... 395Western Samoa (April 1991)Human Rights Protection Party — ... 30 (27)National Development Party — ... 14 (19)Independents — ... 3 (1)Yemen (April 1993)Yemeni Alliance for Reform Rr ... 62General People's Congress — ... 123Yemeni Socialist Party K ... 56Others and independents — ... 60Yugoslavia (December 1992)Serbian Radical Party Fe 24.4 34 (33)Serbian Democratic Movement C 18.7 20 —Democratic Party C 6.5 5 —Socialist Party of Serbia xe 34.2 47 (73)Democratic Party of Socialistsof Montenegro xe 3.0 17 (23)Others — 10.8 12 (6)ZaireTransitional governmentfrom April 1994 — — —Zambia (October 1991)Movement for MultipartyDemocracy — 75.8 125 —United National Independence — 24.2 25 (125)Zimbabwe (March 1990)Zimbabwe African National Union S 75.4 117Other parties — 17.5 3* * *
Universalium. 2010.