tattoo

tattoo
tattoo1
/ta tooh"/, n., pl. tattoos.
1. a signal on a drum, bugle, or trumpet at night, for soldiers or sailors to go to their quarters.
2. a knocking or strong pulsation: My heart beat a tattoo on my ribs.
3. Brit. an outdoor military pageant or display.
[1570-80; earlier taptoo < D taptoe lit., the tap(room) is to (i.e., shut)]
tattoo2
/ta tooh"/, n., pl. tattoos, v., tattooed, tattooing.
n.
1. the act or practice of marking the skin with indelible patterns, pictures, legends, etc., by making punctures in it and inserting pigments.
2. a pattern, picture, legend, etc., so made.
v.t.
3. to mark (the skin) with tattoos.
4. to put (tattoos) on the skin.
[1760-70; < Marquesan tatu; r. tattow < Tahitian tatau]

* * *

Permanent mark or design made on the body by pigment introduced through ruptures in the skin.

The term is also loosely applied to the inducement of scars (cicatrization). Tattooing has been practiced in most parts of the world, and examples have been found on Egyptian and Nubian mummies dating from 2000 BC. Decoration is perhaps the most common motive, though designs may also serve to identify rank, status, or membership and are thought by some to provide magical protection against sickness or misfortune. The word comes from Tahiti, where it was recorded by James Cook's expedition in 1769. The first electric tattooing implement was patented in the U.S. in 1891.

* * *

▪ body decoration
 permanent mark or design made on the body by the introduction of pigment through ruptures in the skin. Sometimes the term is also loosely applied to the inducement of scars (cicatrization). Tattooing proper has been practiced in most parts of the world, though it is rare among populations with the darkest skin colour and absent from most of China (at least in recent centuries). Tattooed designs are thought by various peoples to provide magical protection against sickness or misfortune, or they serve to identify the wearer's rank, status, or membership in a group. Decoration is perhaps the most common motive for tattooing.

      If certain marks on the skin of the Iceman, a mummified human body dating from about 3300 BC, are tattoos, then they represent the earliest known evidence of the practice. Tattoos have also been found on Egyptian and Nubian mummies dating from about 2000 BC. Their use is mentioned by classical authors in relation to the Thracians, Greeks, Gauls, ancient Germans, and ancient Britons; the Romans tattooed criminals and slaves. After the advent of Christianity, tattooing was forbidden in Europe, but it persisted in the Middle East and in other parts of the world.

      In the Americas, many Indian tribes customarily tattooed the body or the face, or both. The usual technique was simple pricking, but some California tribes introduced colour into scratches, and many tribes of the Arctic and Subarctic, most Eskimos, and some peoples of eastern Siberia made needle punctures through which a thread coated with pigment (usually soot) was drawn underneath the skin. In Polynesia, Micronesia, and parts of Malaysia, pigment was pricked into the skin by tapping on an implement shaped like a miniature rake. In moko, a type of Maori tattooing from New Zealand, shallow coloured grooves in complex curvilinear designs were produced on the face by striking a miniature bone adze into the skin. In Japan, needles set in a wooden handle are used to tattoo very elaborate multicoloured designs, in many cases covering much of the body. Burmese tattooing is done with a brass penlike implement with a slit point and a weight on the upper end. Sometimes pigment is rubbed into knife slashes (e.g., in Tunisia and among the Ainu of Japan and the Igbo [Ibo] of Nigeria), or the skin is punctured with thorns (Pima Indians of Arizona and Senoi of Malaya).

      Tattooing was rediscovered by Europeans when the age of exploration brought them into contact with American Indians and Polynesians. The word tattoo itself was introduced into English and other European languages from Tahiti, where it was first recorded by James Cook's (Cook, James) expedition in 1769. Tattooed Indians and Polynesians, and later Europeans tattooed abroad, attracted much interest at exhibits, fairs, and circuses in Europe and the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries.

      Stimulated by Polynesian and Japanese examples, tattooing “parlours,” where specialized “professors” applied designs on European and American sailors, sprang up in port cities all over the world. The first electric tattooing implement was patented in the United States in 1891. The United States became a centre of influence in tattoo designs, especially with the spread of U.S. tattooers' pattern sheets. The nautical, military, patriotic, romantic, and religious motifs are now similar in style and subject matter throughout the world; characteristic national styles of the early 20th century have generally disappeared.

      In the 19th century, released U.S. convicts and British army deserters were identified by tattoos, and later the inmates of Siberian prisons and Nazi concentration camps were similarly marked. Members of 20th-century street or motorcycle gangs frequently identify themselves with a tattooed design. During the late 19th century, tattooing had a short vogue among both sexes in the English upper classes. Tattooing has declined in many non-Western cultures, but European, American, and Japanese tattooing underwent a renewal of interest in the 1990s. Tattooing of both men and women became fashionable, along with a revival of body piercing.

      There are sometimes religious objections to the practice (“You shall not make any cuttings in your flesh on account of the dead or tattoo any marks upon you” [Leviticus 19:28]). The health risks of tattooing include allergic reaction to pigments and, when tattoos are applied under less-than-sterile conditions, the spread of viral infections such as hepatitis B and HIV.

      Methods of tattoo removal include dermabrasion, skin grafts or plastic surgery, and laser surgery. All such methods may leave scars.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?
Synonyms:
(to summon soldiers to quarters at night),


Look at other dictionaries:

  • Tattoo — (Tatuaje en inglés), es una marca hecha mediante la inserción de un pigmento bajo la piel. Puede referirse a: Música Tattoo , Sencillo de la banda japonesa 12012. Tattoo álbum de 1973 de Rory Gallagher. Tattoo, canción de The Who del álbum The… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Tattoo — (zu englisch: tattoo, tahitianisch: tatau – Verb: tätowieren, von englisch: [to] tattoo, französisch: tatouer, zu tahitianisch: tatau = „[eintätowiertes] Zeichen“) bzw. Tattoos steht für: das Edinburgh Military Tattoo, ein Militärmusikfestival… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Tattoo — Tat*too , n. [Earlier taptoo, D. taptoe; tap a tap, faucet + toe to, shut (i. e., the taps, or drinking houses, shut from the soldiers).] (Mil.) A beat of drum, or sound of a trumpet or bugle, at night, giving notice to soldiers to retreat, or to …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Tattoo — Tat*too , v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Tattooed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Tattooing}.] [Of Polynesian origin; cf. New Zealand ta to tattoo, tatu puncturation (in Otaheite).] To color, as the flesh, by pricking in coloring matter, so as to form marks or figures… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • tattoo — The verb has inflected form tattoos, tattooed, tattooing. It can have as its grammatical object either the design that forms the tattoo (A heart was tattooed on her left arm) or the part of the body on which the design is put (Tattooed his cheek… …   Modern English usage

  • tattoo — Ⅰ. tattoo [1] ► NOUN (pl. tattoos) 1) an evening drum or bugle signal recalling soldiers to their quarters. 2) a military display consisting of music, marching, and exercises. 3) a rhythmic tapping or drumming. ORIGIN from Dutch taptoe! close the …   English terms dictionary

  • Tattoo — Tat*too , n.; pl. {Tattoos}. An indelible mark or figure made by puncturing the skin and introducing some pigment into the punctures; a mode of ornamentation practiced by various barbarous races, both in ancient and modern times, and also by some …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • tattoo — /taˈtu, ingl. tæˈtuː/ [vc. ingl. di orig. polinesiana] s. m. inv. tatuaggio …   Sinonimi e Contrari. Terza edizione

  • tattoo — tattoo1 [ta to͞o′] vt. tattooed, tattooing [< a Polynesian language < Proto Polynesian * tatau] 1. to puncture (the skin) with a needle and insert indelible colors so as to leave permanent marks or designs 2. to make (marks or designs) on… …   English World dictionary

  • TATTOO — (Heb. ketovet ka ka), a sign made by puncturing the skin and inserting pigment. A mark of slavery or of submission to a deity (Isa. 44:5, although tattooing is not explicitly mentioned) in the ancient Near East, Greece, and Rome, tattooing is… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Tattoo — For other uses, see Tattoo (disambiguation). A tattooed woman in the United States, ca. 1907. A tattoo is made by inserting indelible ink into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment. Tattoos on humans are a type of body modification,… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”