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sequence

Translation
sequence
/see"kweuhns/, n., v., sequenced, sequencing.
n.
1. the following of one thing after another; succession.
2. order of succession: a list of books in alphabetical sequence.
3. a continuous or connected series: a sonnet sequence.
4. something that follows; a subsequent event; result; consequence.
5. Music. a melodic or harmonic pattern repeated three or more times at different pitches with or without modulation.
6. Liturgy. a hymn sometimes sung after the gradual and before the gospel; prose.
7. Motion Pictures. a series of related scenes or shots, as those taking place in one locale or at one time, that make up one episode of the film narrative.
8. Cards. a series of three or more cards following one another in order of value, esp. of the same suit.
9. Genetics. the linear order of monomers in a polymer, as nucleotides in DNA or amino acids in a protein.
10. Math. a set whose elements have an order similar to that of the positive integers; a map from the positive integers to a given set.
v.t.
11. to place in a sequence.
12. Biochem. to determine the order of (chemical units in a polymer chain), esp. nucleotides in DNA or RNA or amino acids in a protein.
[1350-1400; ME < LL sequentia, equiv. to sequ- (s. of sequi to follow) + -entia -ENCE]
Syn. 1. See series. 2. arrangement. 4. outcome, sequel.

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      in music, a melodic or chordal figure repeated at a new pitch level (that is, transposed), thus unifying and developing musical material. The word sequence has two principal uses: the medieval (Middle Ages) sequence in the liturgy of the Latin mass and the harmonic sequence in tonal music.

      In medieval music and literature, the sequence was a Latin text associated with a specific chant melody, to be sung at mass between the Alleluia (hallelujah) and the reading of the Gospel. It developed about the 9th century from the trope (addition of music, text, or both) to the jubilus, the florid ending of the last syllable of the Alleluia. The melodic tropes were normally broken into phrases that were repeated in performance (as aa, bb, cc,…) by alternating choirs. Texts set to these and to Alleluia melodies were originally prose and thus were referred to by the medieval Latin name prosa.

      By the 11th century the sequence had developed a common poetic form that reflected the musical structure: typically, introductory and closing lines enclosed a series of rhymed, metrical couplets of varying lengths (x aa bb cc…y). Each syllable was set to a single note of music. Eventually, texts were set to newly composed melodies, and the lengths of the couplets were equalized. Sequences became highly popular throughout Europe, and thousands of examples of them survive that are appropriate to different liturgical feasts. In the 16th century the Council of Trent (Trent, Council of) abolished all but four sequences from the liturgy: Victimae paschali laudes (“Praise the Paschal Victim”), Veni Sancte Spiritus (“Come Holy Spirit”), Lauda Sion (“Praise Zion”), and Dies irae (“Day of Wrath”). The Stabat mater dolorosa (“The Sorrowful Mother Was Standing”) was reinstated in 1727.

      Secular musical forms influenced by the sequence include the estampie (a dance) and the lai (a song genre of the trouvères (trouvère), medieval French poet-composers).

 In tonal music, the harmonic sequence, as accompaniment for a melody, is a motivic pattern of two or more harmonies in succession that is restated in transposition, usually twice or three times, preserving the same melodic shape (relative motion) of each part or voice. By creating harmonic and tonal variety with a unified pattern, the sequence serves as a means of musical development. Two types of sequence are commonly used: nonmodulating (or tonal) sequence, which keeps the restatements all in a single key; and modulating sequence, which may traverse several keys.

      Though easily abused if applied mechanically, the harmonic sequence has been widely employed by all composers of tonal music, that is, those active from roughly 1700 to about 1900. Very long sequences appear in concerti of the Baroque era, especially in the works of George Frideric Handel (Handel, George Frideric) and Antonio Vivaldi (Vivaldi, Antonio). Often the sequence is used for modulation in the development section of a sonata form, as in the first movement of Beethoven (Beethoven, Ludwig van)'s Symphony No. 1 in C Major (1800). A remarkable extended series of modulating sequences is a feature of the development section of Frédéric Chopin (Chopin, Frédéric)'s Piano Concerto No. 1 in E Minor (1830).

Mark DeVoto
 

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • sequence — 1> последовательность; ряд; порядок следования Ex: chronological sequence of smth. хронологический порядок чего л. Ex: sequence of the seasons смена времен года Ex: there is little sequence in his arguments в его аргументах не хватает… …   Новый большой англо-русский словарь

  • Sequence — Se quence (s[=e] kwens), n. [F. s[ e]quence, L. sequentia, fr. sequens. See {Sequent}.] 1. The state of being sequent; succession; order of following; arrangement. [1913 Webster] How art thou a king But by fair sequence and succession? Shak.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • sequence — noun 1) последовательность; ряд; порядок (следования); sequence ofevents ход событий; sequence of tenses gram. последовательность времен; inhistorical sequence в исторической/хронологической последовательности insequence 2) (по)следствие,… …   Англо-русский словарь Мюллера

  • Sequence — Se quence, v. t. (Biochem.) to determine the sequence of; as, to sequence a protein or a DNA fragment. [PJC] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • sequence — n последовательность; очерёдность sequence of building operations sequence of pours sequence of prestressing sequence of shipping sequence of trades sequence of work concreting se …   Англо-русский словарь строительных терминов

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  • Sequence — (fr., spr. Sekangs), 1) so v.w. Sequenz 4); 2) Betrügerei der Pharaobankiers, indem sie die Karten so legen, daß alle von den Pointeurs gesetzte Blätter im Anfange der Taille verlieren …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • sequence — I noun alternation, arrangement, array, catenation, chain, classification, concatenation, consecution, continuum, cycle, flow, gradation, group, list, logical order, nexus, order, ordo, procession, progression, rotation, serialization, series,… …   Law dictionary

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  • Sequence — For other uses, see Sequence (disambiguation). In mathematics, a sequence is an ordered list of objects (or events). Like a set, it contains members (also called elements or terms), and the number of terms (possibly infinite) is called the length …   Wikipedia

Фильмы

  • You Will Go To The Ball (Soviet Sports #2), 1987 — On problems related to “rejuvenation” with feminine artistic gymnastics; woman gymnasts who were famous during last years share with their reminiscences and thoughts.