chelate

chelate
chelatable, adj.
/kee"layt/, adj., n., v., chelated, chelating.
adj.
1. Chem.
a. of or noting a heterocyclic compound having a central metallic ion attached by covalent bonds to two or more nonmetallic atoms in the same molecule.
b. of or noting a compound having a cyclic structure resulting from the formation of one or more hydrogen bonds in the same molecule.
2. Zool. having a chela or chelae.
n.
3. Chem. a chelate compound.
v.i. Chem.
4. (of a heterocyclic compound) to react to form a chelate.
5. (of a compound) to form a ring by forming one or more hydrogen bonds.
v.t.
6. Chem. to combine (an organic compound) with a metallic ion to form a chelate.
[1820-30; CHEL(A)1 + -ATE1]

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Any of a class of coordination or complex compounds consisting of a central atom of a metal (usually a transition element) attached to a large molecule (ligand).

Any ligand that can bind to the metal at two or more points to form a ring structure, more stable than a nonchelated compound of the same general chemical formula, is a chelating agent. The process of binding to the metal is called chelation. Chelating agents such as EDTA salts are used in medicine to remove toxic metals (e.g., lead, cadmium) from the body. Others are used in analysis as indicators and in industry to extract metals. The iron-binding porphyrin group in hemoglobin, the magnesium-binding porphyrin in chlorophyll, and the cobalt-binding porphyrin in vitamin B12 are natural chelators.

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      any of a class of coordination or complex compounds consisting of a central metal atom attached to a large molecule, called a ligand, in a cyclic or ring structure. An example of a chelate ring occurs in the ethylenediamine-cadmium complex:

      The ethylenediamine ligand has two points of attachment to the cadmium ion, thus forming a ring; it is known as a didentate ligand. (Three ethylenediamine ligands can attach to the Cd2+ ion, each one forming a ring as depicted above.) Ligands that can attach to the same metal ion at two or more points are known as polydentate ligands. All polydentate ligands are chelating agents.

      Chelates are more stable than nonchelated compounds of comparable composition, and the more extensive the chelation—that is, the larger the number of ring closures to a metal atom—the more stable the compound. This phenomenon is called the chelate effect; it is generally attributed to an increase in the thermodynamic quantity called entropy that accompanies chelation. The stability of a chelate is also related to the number of atoms in the chelate ring. In general, chelates containing five- or six-membered rings are more stable than chelates with four-, seven-, or eight-membered rings.

      In medical practice, chelating agents, particularly salts of EDTA, or edetic (ethylenediaminetetraacetic) acid, are widely used for direct treatment of metal poisoning because they bind the toxic metal ions more strongly than do the vulnerable components of the living organism. Chelating agents are also employed as extractants in industrial and laboratory separation of metals and as metal-ion buffers and indicators in analytical chemistry. Many commercial dyes and a number of biological substances, including chlorophyll and hemoglobin, are chelate compounds.

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

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  • chelate — [kē′lāt΄] adj. resembling or having chelae n. a chemical compound in which the central atom (usually a metal ion) is attached to neighboring atoms by at least two coordinate bonds in such a way as to form a closed chain vt. chelated, chelating 1 …   English World dictionary

  • Chelate — Che late, a. (Zo[ o]l.) Same as {Cheliferous}. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • chelate — che late, n. (Chem.) a compound formed by combination of a metal ion in solution with a compound containing heteroatoms (such as oxygen or nitrogen), in which at least two heteroatoms are bound to the metal. The bonds may be covalent or non… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • chelate — (adj.) having pincer like claws, 1826 as a term in zoology; 1920 in chemistry, from Mod.L. chela claw (from Gk. khele claw, talon, cloven hoof ) + ATE (Cf. ate). Related: Chelated; chelating; chelation …   Etymology dictionary

  • Chélate — Chélation Complexe chélate de l EDTA avec un cation métallique La chélation (prononcer kélassion, du grec khêlê : « pince ») est un processus physico chimique au cours duquel est formé un complexe, le chélate, entre un ligand, dit… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • chelate — 1. To effect chelation. 2. Pertaining to chelation. 3. A complex formed through chelation. * * * che·late kē .lāt adj of, relating to, or having the ring structure typical of a chelate chelate vb, che·lat·ed; che·lat·ing …   Medical dictionary

  • chelate — I. adjective Date: 1826 1. resembling or having chelae 2. [from the pincerlike way in which the metal ion is held] of, relating to, or being a chelate II. verb (chelated; chelating) Date: 1922 transitive verb to combine with (a metal) so as to… …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • chelate — 1. adjective having chelae, or in the form of a chela 2. noun a chelate compound 3. verb a) to form a chelate compound by combining a metal atom …   Wiktionary

  • chelate — che•late [[t]ˈki leɪt[/t]] adj. n. v. lat•ed, lat•ing 1) chem. of or noting a heterocyclic compound having a central metallic ion attached by covalent bonds to two or more nonmetallic atoms in the same molecule 2) zool. having a chela or chelae… …   From formal English to slang

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