Carnot cycle

Carnot cycle
Thermodynam.
an ideal cycle of reversible engine operations in which a substance at one temperature is compressed adiabatically to a second temperature, expanded isothermally at the second temperature, expanded adiabatically from the second temperature to the first temperature, and compressed isothermally at the first temperature.
[after N. L. S. CARNOT]

* * *

In heat engines, the ideal cycle of changes of pressures and temperatures of a working fluid, such as steam or ammonia, conceived by Sadi Carnot.

It is the standard of performance of all heat engines operating between a high and a low temperature. In the cycle, the working fluid undergoes four successive changes: (1) the fluid receives heat, expanding at high temperature; (2) it delivers work during the reversible adiabatic expansion (it changes in volume or pressure without losing or gaining heat); (3) it rejects heat (to the heat sink) during compression at low temperature; and (4) it receives work during the reversible adiabatic compression. The efficiency is determined by the difference between the temperatures of the heat source and the heat sink divided by the temperature of the heat source. See also Rankine cycle.

* * *

      in heat engines, ideal cyclical sequence of changes of pressures and temperatures of a fluid, such as a gas used in an engine, conceived early in the 19th century by the French engineer Sadi Carnot (Carnot, Sadi). It is used as a standard of performance of all heat engines operating between a high and a low temperature.

      In the cycle the working substance of the engine undergoes four successive changes: expansion by heating at a constant high temperature; reversible adiabatic expansion; compression by cooling at a constant low temperature; and reversible adiabatic compression. The engine receives heat (from the heat source) during the expansion at high temperature, delivers work during the reversible adiabatic expansion, rejects heat (to the heat sink) during the compression at low temperature, and receives work during the reversible adiabatic compression. The ratio of the net work output to the heat input is equal to the ratio of the difference between the temperatures of the heat source and the heat sink divided by the temperature of the heat source. It represents Carnot's principle in that it is the largest such ratio of any engine operating between the two temperatures.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Carnot cycle — The Carnot cycle is a particular thermodynamic cycle, modeled on the hypothetical Carnot heat engine, proposed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by Benoit Paul Émile Clapeyron in the 1830s and 40s. Every thermodynamic… …   Wikipedia

  • Carnot cycle — noun a cycle (of expansion and compression) of an idealized reversible heat engine that does work without loss of heat • Syn: ↑Carnot s ideal cycle • Hypernyms: ↑cycle, ↑oscillation * * * Thermodynam. an ideal cycle of reversible engine… …   Useful english dictionary

  • Carnot cycle — Karno ciklas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. Carnot cycle vok. Carnot Kreisprozeß, m; Carnot Prozeß, m rus. цикл Карно, m pranc. cycle de Carnot, m …   Fizikos terminų žodynas

  • Carnot cycle — A name given to the cycle of operations of an internal combustion engine that would take place in an ideally perfect engine in which friction is nonexistent and heat losses are totally absent. A theoretical cycle derived by Nicoles Leon hard Sadi …   Aviation dictionary

  • Carnot cycle — Karno ciklas statusas T sritis Energetika apibrėžtis Grįžtamasis uždarasis ciklas, sudarytas iš dviejų izoterminių ir dviejų adiabatinių procesų. Vykstant šiam ciklui, gaunamas didžiausias teoriškai galimas šiluminio naudingumo koeficientas: η =… …   Aiškinamasis šiluminės ir branduolinės technikos terminų žodynas

  • Carnot cycle — Karno ciklas statusas T sritis Standartizacija ir metrologija apibrėžtis Apibrėžtį žr. priede. priedas( ai) Grafinis formatas atitikmenys: angl. Carnot cycle vok. Karnot Prozess, m; Karnotscher Kreisprozess, m rus. цикл Карно, m pranc. cycle de… …   Penkiakalbis aiškinamasis metrologijos terminų žodynas

  • Carnot cycle — Karno ciklas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Grįžtamasis ciklas, susidedantis iš grįžtamųjų izoterminių ir adiabatinių procesų. atitikmenys: angl. Carnot cycle rus. цикл Карно …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • Carnot Cycle —   An ideal heat engine (conceived by Sadi Carnot) in which the sequence of operations forming the working cycle consists of isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression back to its initial state …   Energy terms

  • Carnot cycle — /ˈkanoʊ saɪkəl/ (say kahnoh suykuhl) noun Physics an ideal reversible cycle of operations for the working substance of a heat engine which gives the maximum obtainable efficiency for an engine working between two temperatures. {named after… …  

  • Cycle De Carnot — dans le diagramme de Clapeyron. AB : détente isotherme ; BC : détente adiabatique ; CD : compression isotherme ; DA : compression adiabatique …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”