- Nobel Prize winners by category (physics)
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▪ TableTR class="oec_even"> ss="oec_even">Nobel Prize winners by category (physics)year name country* achievement1901 Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Germany discovery of X-rays1902 Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiationZeeman, Pieter The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation1903 Becquerel, Henri France discovery of spontaneous radioactivityCurie, Marie France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by BecquerelCurie, Pierre France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel1904 Rayleigh (of Terling Place), John William Strutt, 3rd Baron (Rayleigh, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron) U.K. discovery of argon1905 Lenard, Philipp Germany research on cathode rays1906 Thomson, Sir J.J. U.K. researches into electrical conductivity of gases1907 Michelson, A.A. U.S. spectroscopic and metrological investigations1908 Lippmann, Gabriel France photographic reproduction of colours1909 Braun, Ferdinand Germany development of wireless telegraphyMarconi, Guglielmo Italy development of wireless telegraphy1910 Waals, Johannes Diederik van der The Netherlands research concerning the equation of state of gases and liquids1911 Wien, Wilhelm Germany discoveries regarding laws governing heat radiation1912 Dalén, Nils Sweden invention of automatic regulators for lighting coastal beacons and light buoys1913 Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike The Netherlands investigation into the properties of matter at low temperatures; production of liquid helium1914 Laue, Max von Germany discovery of diffraction of X-rays by crystals1915 Bragg, Sir Lawrence U.K. analysis of crystal structure by means of X-raysBragg, Sir William U.K. analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays1917 Barkla, Charles Glover U.K. discovery of characteristic X-radiation of elements1918 Planck, Max Germany discovery of the elemental quanta1919 Stark, Johannes Germany discovery of the Doppler effect in positive ion rays and division of spectral lines in an electric field1920 Guillaume, Charles Édouard Switzerland discovery of anomalies in alloys1921 Einstein, Albert Switzerland work in theoretical physics1922 Bohr, Niels Denmark investigation of atomic structure and radiation1923 Millikan, Robert Andrews U.S. work on elementary electric charge and the photoelectric effect1924 Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg Sweden work in X-ray spectroscopy1925 Franck, James Germany discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atomHertz, Gustav Germany discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom1926 Perrin, Jean France work on the discontinuous structure of matter1927 Compton, Arthur Holly U.S. discovery of wavelength change in diffused X-raysWilson, C.T.R. U.K. method of making visible the paths of electrically charged particles1928 Richardson, Sir Owen Willans U.K. work on electron emission by hot metals1929 duc (duke) de (Broglie, Louis-Victor, 7e duc de) France discovery of the wave nature of electrons1930 Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata India work on light diffusion; discovery of the Raman effect1932 Heisenberg, Werner Germany creation of quantum mechanics1933 Dirac, P.A.M. U.K. introduction of wave equations in quantum mechanicsSchrödinger, Erwin Austria introduction of wave equations in quantum mechanics1935 Chadwick, Sir James U.K. discovery of the neutron1936 Anderson, Carl David U.S. discovery of the positronHess, Victor Francis Austria discovery of cosmic radiation1937 Davisson, Clinton Joseph U.S. experimental demonstration of the interference phenomenon in crystals irradiated by electronsThomson, Sir George Paget U.K. experimental demonstration of the interference phenomenon in crystals irradiated by electrons1938 Fermi, Enrico Italy disclosure of artificial radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation1939 Lawrence, Ernest Orlando U.S. invention of the cyclotron1943 Stern, Otto U.S. discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton1944 Rabi, Isidor Isaac U.S. resonance method for registration of various properties of atomic nuclei1945 Pauli, Wolfgang Austria discovery of the exclusion principle of electrons1946 Bridgman, Percy Williams U.S. discoveries in the domain of high-pressure physics1947 Appleton, Sir Edward Victor U.K. discovery of the Appleton layer in the upper atmosphere1948 Blackett, Patrick M.S. (Blackett, Patrick M.S., Baron Blackett of Chelsea) U.K. discoveries in the domain of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation1949 Yukawa Hideki Japan prediction of the existence of mesons1950 Powell, Cecil Frank U.K. photographic method of studying nuclear processes; discoveries concerning mesons1951 Cockcroft, Sir John Douglas U.K. work on transmutation of atomic nuclei by accelerated particlesWalton, Ernest Thomas Sinton Ireland work on transmutation of atomic nuclei by accelerated particles1952 Bloch, Felix U.S. discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance in solidsPurcell, E.M. U.S. discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance in solids1953 Zernike, Frits The Netherlands method of phase-contrast microscopy1954 Born, Max U.K. statistical studies of atomic wave functionsBothe, Walther West Germany invention of the coincidence method1955 Kusch, Polykarp U.S. measurement of the magnetic moment of the electronLamb, Willis Eugene, Jr. U.S. discoveries in the hydrogen spectrum1956 Bardeen, John U.S. investigations on semiconductors and invention of the transistorBrattain, Walter H. U.S. investigations on semiconductors and invention of the transistorShockley, William B. U.S. investigations on semiconductors and invention of the transistor1957 Lee, Tsung-Dao China discovery of violations of the principle of parityYang, Chen Ning China discovery of violations of the principle of parity1958 Cherenkov, Pavel Alekseyevich U.S.S.R. discovery and interpretation of the Cherenkov effectFrank, Ilya Mikhaylovich U.S.S.R. discovery and interpretation of the Cherenkov effectTamm, Igor Yevgenyevich U.S.S.R. discovery and interpretation of the Cherenkov effect1959 Chamberlain, Owen U.S. confirmation of the existence of the antiprotonSegrè, Emilio U.S. confirmation of the existence of the antiproton1960 Glaser, Donald A. U.S. development of the bubble chamber1961 Hofstadter, Robert U.S. determination of the shape and size of atomic nucleonsMössbauer, Rudolf Ludwig West Germany discovery of the Mössbauer effect1962 Landau, Lev Davidovich U.S.S.R. contributions to the understanding of condensed states of matter1963 Jensen, J. Hans D. West Germany development of the shell model theory of the structure of atomic nucleiMayer, Maria Goeppert U.S. development of the shell model theory of the structure of atomic nucleiWigner, Eugene Paul U.S. principles governing interaction of protons and neutrons in the nucleus1964 Basov, Nikolay Gennadiyevich U.S.S.R. work in quantum electronics leading to construction of instruments based on maser-laser principlesProkhorov, Aleksandr Mikhaylovich U.S.S.R. work in quantum electronics leading to construction of instruments based on maser-laser principlesTownes, Charles Hard U.S. work in quantum electronics leading to construction of instruments based on maser-laser principles1965 Feynman, Richard P. U.S. basic principles of quantum electrodynamicsSchwinger, Julian Seymour U.S. basic principles of quantum electrodynamicsTomonaga Shin'ichiro (Tomonaga Shin'ichirō) Japan basic principles of quantum electrodynamics1966 Kastler, Alfred France discovery of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms1967 Bethe, Hans Albrecht (Bethe, Hans) U.S. discoveries concerning the energy production of stars1968 Alvarez, Luis W. U.S. work with elementary particles, discovery of resonance states1969 Gell-Mann, Murray U.S. classification of elementary particles and their interactions1970 Alfvén, Hannes Sweden work in magnetohydrodynamics and in antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetismNéel, Louis-Eugène-Félix France work in magnetohydrodynamics and in antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism1971 Gabor, Dennis U.K. invention of holography1972 Bardeen, John U.S. development of the theory of superconductivityCooper, Leon N. U.S. development of the theory of superconductivitySchrieffer, John Robert U.S. development of the theory of superconductivity1973 Esaki, Leo Japan tunneling in semiconductors and superconductorsGiaever, Ivar U.S. tunneling in semiconductors and superconductorsJosephson, Brian D. U.K. tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors1974 Hewish, Antony U.K. work in radio astronomyRyle, Sir Martin U.K. work in radio astronomy1975 Bohr, Aage N. Denmark work on the atomic nucleus that paved the way for nuclear fusionMottelson, Ben R. Denmark work on the atomic nucleus that paved the way for nuclear fusionRainwater, James U.S. work on the atomic nucleus that paved the way for nuclear fusion1976 Richter, Burton U.S. discovery of a new class of elementary particles (psi, or J)Ting, Samuel C.C. U.S. discovery of a new class of elementary particles (psi, or J)1977 Anderson, Philip W. U.S. contributions to understanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solidsMott, Sir Nevill F. U.K. contributions to understanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solidsVan Vleck, John H. U.S. contributions to understanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solids1978 Kapitsa, Pyotr Leonidovich U.S.S.R. invention and application of a helium liquefierPenzias, Arno U.S. discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, providing support for the big-bang theoryWilson, Robert Woodrow U.S. discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, providing support for the big-bang theory1979 Glashow, Sheldon Lee U.S. unification of electromagnetism and the weak interactions of subatomic particlesSalam, Abdus Pakistan unification of electromagnetism and the weak interactions of subatomic particlesWeinberg, Steven U.S. unification of electromagnetism and the weak interactions of subatomic particles1980 Cronin, James Watson U.S. demonstration of simultaneous violation of both charge-conjugation and parity-inversion symmetriesFitch, Val Logsdon U.S. demonstration of simultaneous violation of both charge-conjugation and parity-inversion symmetries1981 Bloembergen, Nicolaas U.S. applications of lasers in spectroscopySchawlow, Arthur Leonard (Schawlow, Arthur L.) U.S. applications of lasers in spectroscopySiegbahn, Kai Manne Börje Sweden electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis1982 Wilson, Kenneth Geddes U.S. analysis of continuous phase transitions1983 Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan U.S. contributions to understanding the evolution and devolution of starsFowler, William A. U.S. contributions to understanding the evolution and devolution of stars1984 Meer, Simon van der The Netherlands discovery of subatomic particles W and Z, which supports the electroweak theoryRubbia, Carlo Italy discovery of subatomic particles W and Z, which supports the electroweak theory1985 Klitzing, Klaus von West Germany discovery of the quantized Hall effect, permitting exact measurements of electrical resistance1986 Binnig, Gerd West Germany development of electron microscopesRohrer, Heinrich Switzerland development of electron microscopesRuska, Ernst West Germany development of electron microscopes1987 Bednorz, J. Georg West Germany discovery of new superconducting materialsMüller, Karl Alex Switzerland discovery of new superconducting materials1988 Lederman, Leon Max U.S. research in subatomic particlesSchwartz, Melvin U.S. research in subatomic particlesSteinberger, Jack U.S. research in subatomic particles1989 Dehmelt, Hans Georg U.S. development of methods to isolate atoms and subatomic particles for studyPaul, Wolfgang West Germany development of methods to isolate atoms and subatomic particles for studyRamsey, Norman Foster U.S. development of the atomic clock1990 Friedman, Jerome Isaac U.S. discovery of quarksKendall, Henry Way U.S. discovery of quarksTaylor, Richard E. Canada discovery of quarks1991 Gennes, Pierre-Gilles de France discovery of general rules for behaviour of molecules1992 Charpak, Georges France invention of a detector that traces subatomic particles1993 Hulse, Russell Alan U.S. identifying binary pulsarsTaylor, Joseph H., Jr. U.S. identifying binary pulsars1994 Brockhouse, Bertram N. Canada development of neutron-scattering techniquesShull, Clifford G. U.S. development of neutron-scattering techniques1995 Perl, Martin Lewis U.S. discovery of the tau subatomic particleReines, Frederick U.S. discovery of the neutrino1996 Lee, David M. U.S. discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3Osheroff, Douglas D. U.S. discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3Richardson, Robert C. U.S. discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-31997 Chu, Steven U.S. process of trapping atoms with laser coolingCohen-Tannoudji, Claude France process of trapping atoms with laser coolingPhillips, William D. U.S. process of trapping atoms with laser cooling1998 Laughlin, Robert B. U.S. discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effectStörmer, Horst L. U.S. discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effectTsui, Daniel C. U.S. discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect1999 Hooft, Gerardus 't The Netherlands study of the quantum structure of electroweak interactionsVeltman, Martinus J.G. The Netherlands study of the quantum structure of electroweak interactions2000 Alferov, Zhores I. (Alferov, Zhores) Russia development of fast semiconductors for use in microelectronicsKilby, Jack S. (Kilby, Jack) U.S. development of the integrated circuit (microchip)Kroemer, Herbert Germany development of fast semiconductors for use in microelectronics2001 Cornell, Eric A. U.S. achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms; early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensatesKetterle, Wolfgang Germany achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms; early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensatesWieman, Carl E. U.S. achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms; early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates2002 Davis, Raymond, Jr. U.S. detection of neutrinosGiacconi, Riccardo U.S. seminal discoveries of cosmic sources of X-raysKoshiba Masatoshi Japan detection of neutrinos2003 Abrikosov, Alexei A. (Abrikosov, Alexey A.) U.S. discoveries regarding superconductivity and superfluidity at very low temperaturesGinzburg, Vitaly L. (Ginzburg, Vitaly Lazarevich) Russia discoveries regarding superconductivity and superfluidity at very low temperaturesLeggett, Anthony J. U.S. discoveries regarding superconductivity and superfluidity at very low temperatures2004 Gross, David J. U.S. discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interactionPolitzer, H. David U.S. discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interactionWilczek, Frank U.S. discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction2005 Glauber, Roy J. U.S. contributions to the field of opticsHall, John L. U.S. contributions to the development of laser spectroscopyHänsch, Theodor W. Germany contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy2006 Mather, John C. U.S. discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiationSmoot, George F. U.S. discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation2007 Fert, Albert France discovery of giant magnetoresistanceGrünberg, Peter Germany discovery of giant magnetoresistance2008 Kobayashi Makoto Japan discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in natureMaskawa Toshihide Japan discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in natureNambu, Yoichiro U.S. discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.See as table:
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Universalium. 2010.