nutrition common microbes that

nutrition common microbes that

Table
Common food-borne illnesses
illness (and causative organism) common food sources symptoms
symptom onset
Illnesses caused by bacteria
(Clostridium botulinum) canned foods, honey (for infants) nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, difficulty swallowing and speaking, muscle weakness and paralysis, fatigue, blurred or double vision
18-36 hours
campylobacteriosis
(Campylobacter jejuni) raw or undercooked chicken, unpasteurized milk, non-chlorinated water watery or bloody diarrhea, vomiting, fever, nausea, muscle pain, abdominal cramps
2-5 days
(Vibrio cholerae) shellfish, contaminated water abdominal cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, coma, cardiovascular collapse
6 hours-5 days
E. coli infection
(Escherichia coli, O157:H7,
and other strains) undercooked beef (especially ground), unpasteurized milk
and fruit juices, dry-cured salami, alfalfa sprouts, contaminated water, raw fruits and vegetables watery or bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, acute kidney failure
12-72 hours
(Listeria monocytogenes) unpasteurized milk, soft cheeses fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, encephalitis, blood infection, miscarriage or stillbirth in pregnant women, headache
gastrointestinal symptoms, more than 12 hours; serious symptoms, 3 days-3 weeks
perfringens food poisoning
(Clostridium perfringens) improperly cooked or stored meat products diarrhea, abdominal cramps
8-24 hours
salmonellosis (Salmonella)
(nontyphoid Salmonella species) raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, meat, or fish; unpasteurized milk nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, fever, chills, vomiting, headache
6-48 hours
(Shigella) salads (potato, shrimp, macaroni, chicken), raw vegetables, dairy products, poultry, contaminated water watery or bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting
5-50 hours
staphylococcal food poisoning
2-6 hours
(Salmonella typhi) sewage-contaminated water, shellfish, raw fruits and vegetables, dairy products fever, chills, headache, abdominal pain, constipation, enlarged spleen, rash, intestinal perforation or hemorrhage
1-3 weeks
Vibriosis (vibrio)
(Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus) raw, undercooked, or
recontaminated seafood gastroenteritis, bloody or watery diarrhea, fever, blood infection, abdominal pain, chills, weakness
4-96 hours
yersiniosis
(Yersinia enterocolitica) raw vegetables and meat, water, unpasteurized milk fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, nausea, malaise
24-48 hours
Illnesses caused by viruses
(hepatitis A virus) contaminated water, shellfish, salads fever, malaise, nausea, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice
10-50 days
Norwalk-like virus shellfish, contaminated water, salad ingredients vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain
24-48 hours
Illnesses caused by parasitic protozoans and worms
amebiasis
(Entamoeba histolytica) contaminated water, raw fruits
or vegetables, unpasteurized dairy products gastrointestinal distress, bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, intestinal ulcers
1-4 weeks
cryptosporidiosis
(Cryptosporidium parvum) contaminated water, raw fruits and vegetables diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever
2-10 days
cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora cayetanensis) contaminated water,
Guatemalan raspberries diarrhea, vomiting, muscle pain, fatigue
1 week
giardiasis
(Giardia lamblia) contaminated water diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, heartburn, anorexia, nausea, vomiting
5-25 days
(Trichinella spiralis) raw or undercooked pork and wild game fever, abdominal symptoms, joint and muscle pain, headache, facial swelling, painful breathing, muscle weakness
abdominal symptoms, 1-2 days; further symptoms, 2-8 weeks
Illnesses caused by natural toxins
ciguatera fish poisoning (fish poisoning)
(dinoflagellates) warm-water fishes, typically grouper, snapper, amberjack, and barracuda numbness and tingling, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory paralysis, muscle pain, heart abnormalities
within 6 hours
scombroid poisoning (fish poisoning) spoiled fish, such as tuna, mackerel, or mahimahi nausea, vomiting, headache, thirst, hives, diarrhea, itchiness, tingling of the mouth and throat
immediate to 30 minutes
paralytic oysters, clams, mussels, scallops paralysis, tingling and numbness, dry throat, incoordination, incoherent speech, respiratory paralysis
30 minutes-2 hours

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Universalium. 2010.

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