Common household batteries

Common household batteries

Table
Common household batteries
Primary batteries
type chemistry sizes and common applications features
zinc-carbon (Leclanché) zinc alloy anode-manganese dioxide cathode with an electrolyte mix of 80 percent ammonium chloride and 20 percent zinc chloride surrounding a carbon rod electrode; 1.55 volts per cell, declining in use widest range of sizes, shapes, and capacities (including all major cylindrical and rectangular jackets); used in remote controls, flashlights, portable radios cheap and lightweight; low energy density; very poor for high-drain applications; poor performance at low temperatures; disposal hazard from toxic mercury and cadmium present in zinc alloy
zinc chloride zinc anode-manganese dioxide cathode with zinc chloride electrolyte; 1.55 volts per cell, declining in use wide range of cylindrical and rectangular jackets; used in motorized toys, cassette and CD players, flashlights, portable radios usually labeled "heavy duty"; less voltage decline at higher drain rates and lower temperatures than zinc-carbon; typically 2-3 times the life of zinc-carbon batteries; environmentally safe
Alkaline
zinc-manganese dioxide zinc anode-manganese dioxide cathode with potassium hydroxide electrolyte; 1.55 volts per cell wide range of cylindrical and rectangular jackets; best for use in motorized toys, cassette and CD players long shelf life; leak-resistant; best performance under heavy loads; 4-10 times the life of zinc-carbon batteries
zinc-silver oxide zinc anode-silver oxide cathode with a potassium hydroxide electrolyte; 1.55 volts per cell button batteries; used in hearing aids, watches, calculators high energy density; long shelf life; expensive
zinc-air zinc anode-oxygen cathode with potassium hydroxide electrolyte cylindrical, 9-volt, button, and coin jackets; used in hearing aids, pagers, watches highest energy density of all disposable batteries; virtually unlimited shelf life; environmentally safe
Lithium
lithium-iron sulfide lithium anode-iron sulfide cathode with organic electrolyte; 1.6 volts per cell cylindrical and button batteries; used in digital cameras, small appliances high energy density; supports high discharge rates; long shelf life; expensive
lithium-manganese dioxide lithium anode-manganese dioxide cathode with organic electrolyte; 2.8-3.2 volts per cell cylindrical and button batteries; used in digital cameras, small appliances high energy density; supports high discharge rates; long shelf life; expensive
Secondary (rechargeable) batteries
type chemistry sizes and common applications features
lead-acid lead anode-lead dioxide cathode with sulfuric acid electrolyte wide range of sizes; used in automobiles, wheelchairs, children's electric vehicles, emergency power supplies cheapest and heaviest battery; long life; no memory effect; wide range of discharge rates
Alkaline
nickel-cadmium cadmium anode-nickel dioxide cathode with potassium hydroxide electrolyte common cylindrical jackets; used in power tools, cordless telephones, biomedical equipment excellent performance under heavy discharge; nearly constant voltage; best rechargeable cycle life; memory effect in some; cadmium highly toxic and carcinogenic if improperly recycled
nickel-metal hydride lanthanide or nickel alloy anode-nickel dioxide cathode with potassium hydroxide electrolyte some cylindrical jackets; used in smoke alarms, power tools, cellular telephones high energy density; good performance under heavy discharge; nearly constant 1.2-volt discharge; no memory effect; environmentally safe
Lithium
lithium-ion carbon anode-lithium cobalt dioxide cathode with organic electrolyte most cylindrical jackets; used in cellular telephones, portable computers higher energy density and shorter life than nickel-cadmium; expensive; no memory effect
See as table:

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Household Hazardous Waste — (HHW) is the term for common household chemicals and substances for which the owner no longer has a use. Exhibiting many of the same dangerous characteristics as fully regulated hazardous waste, HHW is not regulated by the EPA. Due to its… …   Wikipedia

  • Common chemicals — Chemistry portal Table of common chemical ingredients and where to find them Chemical name Chemical formula Common name …   Wikipedia

  • battery — /bat euh ree/, n., pl. batteries. 1. Elect. a. Also called galvanic battery, voltaic battery. a combination of two or more cells electrically connected to work together to produce electric energy. b. cell (def. 7a). 2. any large group or series… …   Universalium

  • Battery — /bat euh ree/, n. The, a park at the S end of Manhattan, in New York City. Also called Battery Park. * * * Any of a class of devices, consisting of a group of electrochemical cells (see electrochemistry), that convert chemical energy into… …   Universalium

  • List of battery sizes — 4.5 Volt, D, C, AA, AAA, AAAA, A23, 9 Volt, CR2032 and LR44 batteries. This article lists the sizes and shapes of some common primary and secondary battery types in household and light industrial use. The long history of disposable dry cells… …   Wikipedia

  • Nine-volt battery — Duracell PP3 (9 volt) battery Collage of images show …   Wikipedia

  • AC power plugs and sockets — See also: Industrial and multiphase power plugs and sockets Plugs and sockets may sometimes combine male and female contacts, but t …   Wikipedia

  • Earthship — An Earthship refers to a passive solar home made of natural and recycled materials. Designed and marketed by Earthship Biotecture of Taos, NM, the homes are primarily constructed to work autonomous and are generally made of earth filled tires,… …   Wikipedia

  • Electric vehicle battery — Further information: Rechargeable electricity storage system For the starting, lighting and ignition system battery of an automobile, see Automotive battery. A Mitsubishi i MiEV having its batteries installed in Japan …   Wikipedia

  • PP3 battery — A PP3 battery, commonly referred to simply as a nine volt battery , is shaped as a rounded rectangular prism and has a nominal output of nine volts. Its nominal dimensions are 48 mm × 25 mm × 15 mm (ANSI standard 1604A). It is widely used in… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”