Notable Civil Engineering Projects 1

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Notable Civil Engineering Projects (in work or completed, 2005)

Name Location Year of completion Notes

Airports Terminal area (sq m)

Suvarnabhumi ("Golden Land") east of Bangkok, Thai. 563,000 2006 To replace Don Muang Airport, Southeast Asia's busiest airport

Barajas International Airport (new Terminal 4) northeast of Madrid, Spain 470,000 2006 New terminal in leading airport for Europe-Latin America flights

Changi (new Terminal 3) eastern tip of Singapore 430,000 2008 New terminal in Asia's 6th busiest airport in passenger traffic

Central Japan International artificial island off Nagoya, Japan 220,000 2005 Opened Feb. 17; Japan's 3rd largest airport

Dallas/Fort Worth Int'l (new Terminal D) Irving, Texas 195,000 2005 Opened July 23; new international terminal

JFK International (new megaterminal) New York, N.Y. 184,000 2005-06 To replace demolished terminals 8 and 9; phase I completed July 27

New Doha International (phase I) Doha, Qatar 140,000 2009 1st airport built for world's largest passenger aircraft (Airbus A380-800)

Heathrow (new Terminal 5) southwest of London, Eng. 70,000 2008 Biggest construction project in the U.K. from 2002

Bridges Length (main span; m)

Hangzhou Bay near Jiaxing, China to near Cixi, China 2,600 2009 To be world's longest (35.6 km) transoceanic bridge/causeway; begun 2003

I-95 (Woodrow Wilson #2) Alexandria, Va. to Md. suburbs of D.C. 1,829¹ 2008 2 bascule spans forming higher inverted V shape for ships; begun 2000

Nancha (1 bridge of 2-section Runyang) Zhenjiang, China (across the Yangtze) 1,490 2005 Opened April 30; world's 3rd longest (China's longest) suspension bridge

Sutong Nantong, China (100 km from Yangtze mouth) 1,088 2008 To be world's longest and highest cable-stayed bridge

Stonecutters Tsing Yi-Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China 1,018 2008 To be world's 2nd longest cable-stayed bridge

Tacoma Narrows (#3) the Narrows of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Wash. 853 2007 Built over collapsed TN #1; longest U.S. suspension bridge since 1964

Second Inchon near Inchon, S.Kor. 800 2009 To be world's 5th longest cable-stayed bridge

Nanjing Yangtze Sanqiao Nanjing, China (across the Yangtze) 648 2005 Opened October 7; world's 3rd longest cable-stayed bridge

Arthur Ravenel, Jr. (new Cooper River) Charleston, S.C. to Mt. Pleasant, S.C. 471 2005 Opened July 9; longest cable-stayed bridge in North America

Shibanpe Chongqing, China (across the Yangtze) 330 2006 To be world's longest prestressed-concrete box girder bridge

Colorado River Boulder City, Nev. (just south of Hoover Dam) 323 2008 Final component of Hoover Dam Bypass Project—post-9/11 security measure

Buildings Height (m)

Burj ("Tower") Dubai Dubai, U.A.E. c. 705 2008 To be world's tallest building

Freedom Tower New York, N.Y.

● "1,776 ft"

● (541 m)

2010 Cornerstone laid July 4, 2004; to be tallest building in North America

Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai, China 492 2007 Begun 1997, resumed 2003; to be world's 2nd tallest building (in 2007)

International Commerce Centre Hong Kong, China 484 2007 To be world's 3rd tallest (in 2007) and have world's highest hotel

Federation Tower A Moscow, Russia 340 2007 To be tallest building in Europe

Palacio de la Bahía Panama City, Pan. 336 2009 To be tallest building in Latin America

Eureka Tower Melbourne, Australia 297 2006 To be Australia's 2nd tallest building and world's 2nd tallest residential

Frauenkirche (reconstruction) Dresden, Ger. — 2005 Baroque Lutheran cathedral firebombed in 1945; reconsecrated Oct. 30

Dams and Waterways Crest/channel length (m)

Sethusamudram Ship Canal Project between India and Sri Lanka 89,000 2008 To create a sea route around India bypassing Sri Lanka (saving c. 780 km)

Three Gorges (3rd of 3 phases) west of Yichang, China 1,983 2009 To create world's largest reservoir (620 km long) beginning 2003 + world's largest hydroelectric complex by power capacity

Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Project Narmada River, Madhya Pradesh, India 1,210 2007 Largest dam of controversial 30-dam project; drinking water for Gujarat

Merowe (earth core rockfill) Dam on Nile, 350 km north of Khartoum, Sudan 841 2008 To contain 20% of Nile annual flow; to double The Sudan's power capacity

Caruachi (4th of 5-dam Lower Caroní Development scheme) Caroní River, northern Bolívar, Venez. 360 2006 Unit of world's 3rd largest hydroelectric complex

Tucuruí (upgrade to double capacity) Tocantins River, eastern Pará, Braz. ? 2006 Generating capacity to be 4th in world; 1st Braz. Amazon dam (1984)

Tala Hydroelectric Project Wong River, Bhutan ? 2006 Electricity for northern India; the key to Bhutan's economic growth

Project Moses (flood-protection plan) Venice, Italy — 2011 78 submerged gates in 3 lagoon openings will rise in flood conditions

Highways Length (km)

Golden Quadrilateral superhighway Mumbai to Chennai to Kolkata to Delhi, India 5,846 2006 Upgrade to 4 lanes; to link India's 4 largest metropolitan areas

Carretera Interoceánica (Peruvian part) Iñapari to Ilo/Matarani/Marcona, Peru c. 1,100 2007 To be paved road for Brazilian imports/exports from/to Asia

Highway 1 Kabul to Kandahar to Herat, Afg. 1,048 2006 Final, 566-km Kandahar-Herat section to open Dec. 2006

Egnatia Motorway Igoumenitsa to Kipoi, Greece 680 2008 First Greek highway at int'l standards; 74 tunnels, 1,650 bridges

Croatian Motorway (A1) Zagreb to Split, Croatia 380 2005 Opened June 26; mountainous terrain with unstable slopes and caves

Land Reclamation Area (sq km)

The Palms ("Jumeirah, Jebel Ali, and Deira islands") in Persian Gulf, off Dubai, U.A.E. "c. 20, c. 40, and c. 80 sq km" 2007-09 Three palm-tree-shaped arrays of islands; ultraexclusive

The World in Persian Gulf, off Dubai, U.A.E. c. 60 sq km 2008 300 private artificial islands arrayed as a map of the world

Railways (Heavy) Length (km)

Trans-Kazakhstan Dostyq (Druzhba), Kazakh. to Gorgan, Iran 3,943 2008 China to Europe link, bypassing Russia and Uzbek.; 3,083 km in Kazakh.

Qinghai-Tibet China: Golmud, Qinghai to Lhasa, Tibet 1,142 2006 World's highest railway (5,072 m at summit); 86% above 4,000 m

Ferronorte (extension to Rondonópolis) Alto Araguaia to Rondonópolis, Braz. 270 2007 For soybean/cereal exports from Mato Grosso (Brazilian interior)

Bothnia Line (Botniabanan) Nyland to Umeå, Swed. 190 2010 Along north Swedish coast; difficult terrain with 25 km of tunnels

Railways (High Speed) Length (km)

Spanish high speed Madrid, Spain, to France (via Barcelona) 719 2009 To reach Barcelona in 2007; Madrid-Lleida corridor opened Oct. 11, 2003

Eastern France high speed eastern Paris to near Strasbourg, France 406 2007 Will give Paris a high-speed link to the major centres of eastern France

Taiwan high speed Hsi-chih to Tso-ying, Taiwan 345 2006 Links Taiwan's 2 largest cities (Taipei and Kaohsiung) along west coast

Italian high speed Rome to Naples, Italy 205 2006 Naples to Turin (844 km) completed by 2009

HSL-Zuid The Hague/Amsterdam to Belgian border 125 2008 Enables high-speed links with Brussels, London, and Paris

Beijing-Tianjin high speed Beijing to Tianjin, China 115 2008 Construction began mid-2005

Channel Tunnel Rail Link near Folkestone to central London, Eng. 109 2007 74-km section (Folkestone-north Kent) opened Sept. 16, 2003

Spanish high speed Madrid to Toledo, Spain 80 2005 Opened Nov. 15

Subways/Metros/Light Rails Length (km)

Guangzhou Metro Guangzhou (Canton), China 255.0 2010 9-line system planned; 150 km in 5 lines under construction in 2005

Shanghai Metro Shanghai, China 87.5 2006 Length of lines under construction in late 2005

Shenzhen Metro (phase 2; lines 1, 3, and 4) Shenzhen, China (adjacent to Hong Kong) 71.3 2009 To be part of a regional network with high-speed and heavy rail by 2010

Dubai Metro Dubai, U.A.E. 69.7 2009-10 To be world's longest fully automated driverless transport system

Delhi Metro (Phase I) Delhi, India 65.1 2006 Two lines (33 km) opened by July 2005; last line (32.1 km) in March 2006

Barcelona Metro (Line 9) airport to northeast Barcelona, Spain 47.0 2008 Connections to other metro lines and future high-speed rail

Santiago Metro (Line 4) Santiago, Chile 32.4 2005-06 18.6 km opened Nov. 30

Arizona Light Rail Phoenix to Tempe to Mesa, Ariz. 32.2 2008 To be Arizona's first light-rail system

Copenhagen Metro (last extension) Copenhagen, Den. 21.0 2007 4.5-km line to connect city centre to airport

Tunnels Length (m)

Apennine Range tunnels (9) Bologna to Florence, Italy (high-speed railway) 73,400 2008 Longest tunnel (Vaglia, 18.6 km); tunnels to cover 93% of railway

Lötschberg #2 Frutigen to Raron, Switz. 34,577 2007 Breakthrough April 28, 2005; to be world's 3rd longest rail tunnel

Guadarrama 50 km north-northwest of Madrid, Spain 28,377 2007 Breakthrough June 1, 2005; to have Valladolid high-speed link

Hsüeh-shan ("Snow Mountain") near Taipei, Taiwan 12,900 2006 Breakthrough Sept. 16, 2004; to be world's 4th longest road tunnel

East and West tunnels of A86 ring road western outskirts of Paris, France 10,000/7,500 2007 Two tunnels under Versailles and nearby protected woodlands

● 1 m=3.28 ft; 1 km=0.62 mi; 1 ha=2.47 ac

● ¹Length of each span.

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