Uno Chiyo

▪ Japanese writer

born Nov. 28, 1897, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan

died June 10, 1996, Tokyo

      Japanese short-story writer and novelist who became better known for a personal life perceived as scandalous than for the break she made with the Japanese literary scene of the 1920s and '30s.

      After the publication of two early works in the 1920s, Uno moved to Tokyo, where she embarked on a career as a writer and embraced Western styles of dress and music. Divorced by her first husband, she married again, but that marriage foundered as Uno achieved success with her writing and pursued other lovers. She established her literary reputation with the novel Iro zange (1935; Confessions of Love), a vivid, widely popular account of the love affairs of a male artist. The character was based on the painter Tōgō Seiji, well known in Tokyo for having attempted suicide with a lover; Uno had a five-year relationship with him after her second divorce. As she acknowledged, her personal life, especially her relationships with men, fuelled her writing; her frank, spontaneous style was unique in Japanese fiction of the period.

      In 1936 Uno founded Sutairu (“Style”), Japan's first Western-style fashion magazine. In 1939 she married for a third time; the marriage would last for more than two decades. She turned her attention to Bunraku theatre and in 1942 published Ningyōshi Tenguya Hisakichi (“The Doll-Maker Tenguya Hisakichi”). She wrote the narrative in the voice of Tenguya Hisakichi, a carver of Bunraku puppets, as though she were telling his own story, a device she would later use in perhaps her finest work, the novella Ohan (1957; Eng. trans. as Ohan in The Old Woman, the Wife, and the Archer). Published 10 years after she had begun writing it, Ohan tells the story of a man who, after leaving his wife to live with a geisha, wants to return to his wife. In this and later works she was no longer the uninhibited “modern girl” but was instead exploring the world of her youth.

      Uno remained active as a writer almost to the end of her life, and she continued to write autobiographical fiction, including Aru hitori no onna no hanashi (1972; The Story of a Single Woman) and Ame no oto (1974; “The Sound of Rain”). By the 1970s she had begun to receive the recognition that made her a grande dame of Japanese letters. Ikite yuku watakushi (1983; “I Will Go On Living”), a memoir, became a best seller and was adapted as a television movie.

Additional Reading

A detailed study of Uno is Rebecca L. Copeland, The Sound of the Wind: The Life and Works of Uno Chiyo (1992). Phyllis Birnbaum, Modern Girls, Shining Stars, the Skies of Tokyo (1999), contains an essay on Uno.

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