Unamuno, Miguel de

Unamuno, Miguel de

▪ Spanish educator, philosopher, and author
in full  Miguel De Unamuno Y Jugo  
born Sept. 29, 1864, Bilbao, Spain
died Dec. 31, 1936, Salamanca

      educator, philosopher, and author whose essays had considerable influence in early 20th-century Spain.

      Unamuno was the son of Basque parents. After attending the Vizcayan Institute of Bilbao, he entered the University of Madrid in 1880 and in four years received a doctorate in philosophy and letters. Six years later he became professor of Greek language and literature at the University of Salamanca.

      In 1901 Unamuno became rector of the university, but he was relieved of his duties in 1914 after publicly espousing the Allied cause in World War I. His opposition in 1924 to General Miguel Primo de Rivera's rule in Spain resulted in his forced exile to the Canary Islands, from which he escaped to France. When Primo de Rivera's dictatorship fell, Unamuno returned to the University of Salamanca and was reelected rector of the university in 1931, but in October 1936 he denounced General Francisco Franco's Falangists, was removed once again as rector, and was placed under house arrest. He died of a heart attack two months later.

      Unamuno was an early existentialist who concerned himself largely with the tension between intellect and emotion, faith and reason. At the heart of his view of life was his personal and passionate longing for immortality. According to Unamuno, man's hunger to live on after death is constantly denied by his reason and can only be satisfied by faith, and the resulting tension results in unceasing agony.

      Although he also wrote poetry and plays, Unamuno was most influential as an essayist and novelist. If his vigorous and iconoclastic essays have any common theme, it is that of the need to preserve one's personal integrity in the face of social conformity, fanaticism, and hypocrisy. His first published work was the essays collected in En torno al casticismo (1895), in which he critically examined Spain's isolated and anachronistic position in western Europe at the time. His Vida de Don Quijote y Sancho (1905; Life of Don Quixote and Sancho) is a detailed analysis of Miguel de Cervantes' literary characters. Unamuno's mature philosophy found its fullest expression in Del sentimiento trágico de la vida en los hombres y en los pueblos (1913; The Tragic Sense of Life in Men and Peoples), in which he stressed the vital role spiritual anxiety plays in driving man to live the fullest possible life. This and other themes were explored in La agonía del cristianismo (1925; The Agony of Christianity).

      Unamuno's novels are intensely psychological depictions of agonized characters who illustrate and give voice to his own philosophical ideas. His most famous novel is Abel Sánchez: una historia de pasión (1917; Abel Sanchez), a modern re-creation of the biblical story of Cain and Abel, which centres on the painfully conflicting impulses of the character representing Cain. His other novels include Amor y pedagogía (1902; “Love and Pedagogy”), which describes a father's attempt to raise his son scientifically, ending in failure and the son's ruin; Niebla (1914; Mist); and San Manuel Bueno, mártir (1933; “Saint Manuel the Good, Martyr”), the story of an unbelieving priest. Unamuno's El Cristo de Velázquez (1920; The Christ of Velázquez), a study in poetic form of the great Spanish painter, is regarded as a superb example of modern Spanish verse.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Unamuno, Miguel de — (1864–1937)    Philosopher.    Unamuno was born in Bilbao, Spain. He was educated in Madrid and for much of his life was Professor of Greek at Salamanca. In 1924, however, he was exiled to the Canary Islands for his political views, which were… …   Who’s Who in Christianity

  • Unamuno, Miguel de — ► (1864 1936) Escritor español, personalidad destacada de la llamada generación del 98. En obras como Del sentimiento trágico de la vida (1913) o La agonía del cristianismo (1925) se pone de manifiesto el corte existencialista de su filosofía,… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Unamuno,Miguel de — U·na·mu·no (o͞o nə mo͞oʹnō, nä ), Miguel de. 1864 1936. Spanish philosopher and writer. His novels, poetry, and philosophical studies, such as The Tragic Sense of Life (1913) often address the conflict between reason and faith and the solitary… …   Universalium

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  • Miguel de Unamuno — y Jugo (* 29. September 1864 in Bilbao; † 31. Dezember 1936 in Salamanca) war ein spanischer Philosoph und Schriftsteller. Inhaltsverzeichnis …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Miguel de Unamuno — y Jugo (29 September 1864, Bilbao, Biscay, Basque Country, Spain – 31 December 1936, Salamanca, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain) was a Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright and philosopher …   Wikipedia

  • Unamuno — (Miguel Unamuno y Jugo, dit de) (1864 1936) écrivain espagnol. Poète (Poésies, 1907), essayiste (le Sentiment tragique de la vie, 1912), romancier (Brume, 1914) …   Encyclopédie Universelle

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