Rathbone, Basil

▪ British actor

in full  Philip St. John Basil Rathbone 

born June 13, 1892, Johannesburg, S.Af.

died July 21, 1967, New York, N.Y., U.S.

 British character actor whose portrayal of Sherlock Holmes (Holmes, Sherlock) highlighted a long and varied stage and screen career.

      Upon graduating from Repton school in England in 1910, Rathbone made his stage debut in Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew in 1911. A number of other Shakespearean roles followed, as well as a part in a London production of The Sin of David (1914). In 1921 Rathbone appeared in the films Innocent and The Fruitful Vine and then traveled to the United States to make his Broadway debut in The Czarina. His next Broadway play, The Swan (1923), was highly successful and established Rathbone as a star of the theatre. Though he maintained a modest career in silent films in between stage work, he was unremarked in Hollywood until his first appearance in a talking picture, The Last of Mrs. Cheyney (1929).

      With his stage-trained voice and distinctive British accent, Rathbone was a natural for the sound era and was cast as the evil Mr. Murdstone in David O. Selznick (Selznick, David O.)'s adaptation of David Copperfield (1935). It was a role that Rathbone would later regard with mixed feelings. Although it resulted in bigger and better parts, he believed he had been typecast as a movie villain. Indeed, Selznick cast him in a similar role in his next Dickens adaptation, A Tale of Two Cities (1935). The following year Rathbone received a best supporting actor Oscar nomination for his performance as Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936).

      Rathbone's renowned talent for fencing was featured in Romeo and Juliet and several other films, including two Errol Flynn (Flynn, Errol) vehicles: Captain Blood (1935) and The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). He received his second best supporting actor nomination for his work in If I Were King (1939); that same year he played the title role in the horror film Son of Frankenstein, with Boris Karloff (Karloff, Boris) reprising his role as Dr. Frankenstein's monster.

      Rathbone made the transition from swashbuckling villains and mad scientists to the world's greatest amateur sleuth in The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939), based on the Sherlock Holmes (Holmes, Sherlock) novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur). Rathbone's hawkish face, urbane enunciation, and cool demeanour made him the perfect Holmes, and with Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson, he played the role in 14 films and on more than 200 radio broadcasts. Though he had a healthy respect and affection for the character, he again felt typecast, this time as Holmes: “My fifty-two roles in twenty-three plays of Shakespeare, my years in London and New York theatre, my scores of motion pictures … were slowly but surely sinking into oblivion,” he wrote in his autobiography, In and Out of Character (1956).

      After making his final Holmes film, Dressed to Kill (1946), Rathbone moved to New York to work onstage and later in television. As he feared, his close association with the Holmes character damaged his chances of receiving choice movie roles, and he spent most of the rest of his film career spoofing his own image and appearing mostly in low-budget horror and fantasy films. His final film, Hillbillys in a Haunted House, was released in 1967.

Additional Reading

Michael B. Druxman, Basil Rathbone: His Life and His Films (1975).

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