Qiying

Qiying

▪ Chinese official
born 1790, China
died June 29, 1858, Beijing

      Chinese official who negotiated the Treaty of Nanjing, which ended the first Opium War (Opium Wars) (1839–42), fought by the British in China to gain trade concessions there.

      A member of the imperial family of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12), Qiying served in various high governmental positions before being sent to the east-central Chinese city of Nanjing (Nanking) in 1842 to negotiate a treaty (Unequal Treaty) with the advancing British forces. The document finally signed by Qiying granted the British the island of Hong Kong, opened five other ports to British trade and residence of British citizens, and agreed to the payment of a large indemnity. The following year, on Oct. 8, 1843, Qiying signed the British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue (Humen), which governed the execution of the Treaty of Nanjing and granted the British the right of extraterritoriality; i.e., the right to try British subjects by British courts set up on Chinese soil. The Bogue Treaty also granted the British a “most favoured nation (most-favoured-nation treatment)” clause, which promised that any concession granted later to other foreign powers would also then be granted to the British. In 1844 Qiying signed similar treaties with the United States and France and, in 1847, with Sweden and Norway. In his ignorance of the West, Qiying felt he was ridding the Chinese empire of an immediate nuisance by agreeing to the foreigners' demands. This practice was, however, the beginning of a series of treaties that humiliated the Chinese for more than a century.

      Qiying pursued his policy of appeasement until 1848, when he was recalled after the British, in an attempt to pressure the Chinese, conducted a short raid on Guangzhou (Canton) (Canton) and the forts along the coast. In 1858 Qiying returned to government service to aid in the negotiation of a treaty to end the second Opium, or Arrow, War (1856–60). The British negotiators, however, took a hostile attitude toward him, confronting him with a letter he had written to the emperor in 1845, in which he discussed the proper methods for dealing with “barbarians.” Qiying, by then old and half-blind, panicked and gave up his assigned duty. For his disobedience, the emperor had him imprisoned and then ordered him to commit suicide.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Qiying — Infobox Governor name = Qiying honorific suffix = imagesize = 200px caption = Qiying (second from right) with Théodore de Lagrené (second from left) in 1844 order = Viceroy of Liangguang term start = 1844 term end = 1848 predecessor = Qitian… …   Wikipedia

  • Qiying — Original name in latin Qiying Name in other language Ch i ying, Ch’i ying, Qiying, Qiying Zhen, qi ying, qi ying zhen State code CN Continent/City Asia/Chongqing longitude 36.50324 latitude 106.14862 altitude 1468 Population 0 Date 2012 01 18 …   Cities with a population over 1000 database

  • Xiong Qiying — (born 14 October 1967 in Sichuan Province) is a retired Chinese long jumper.Her personal best jump was 7.03 metres, achieved in October 1997 in Shanghai. [ [http://hem.bredband.net/athletics/atb d27.htm World women s all time best long jump… …   Wikipedia

  • Horatio Nelson Lay — (1832 4 May 1898, Forest Hill, Kent, England), [ [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article 9047438/Horatio Nelson Lay Horatio Nelson Lay Britannica Online Encyclopedia ] ] was a British diplomat. Horatio Nelson Lay was born in London to George… …   Wikipedia

  • Imperial Inspector Minister — 欽差大臣 was an eminent official or military general that represent emperor of the late Ming dynasty and Qing Dynasty in China and Russia,it does not belong to regular official system that must take care for some very important events in the empire,… …   Wikipedia

  • Marie Melchior Joseph Théodore de Lagrené — Lagrené (second from left) and Qiying (second from right) in 1844 Marie Melchior Joseph Théodore de Lagrené, (14 March 1800 in Amiens 26 January 1862 in Paris), was a French legislator and diplomat, who hailed from an old family from Picardie. He …   Wikipedia

  • Treaty of the Bogue — The Treaty of the Bogue (zh ts|t=虎門條約|s=虎门条约) was an agreement between China and the United Kingdom, which was concluded in October 1843 in order to supplement the previous Treaty of Nanking. The treaty is mostly known for the fact that it… …   Wikipedia

  • Vertrag von Wanghia — Der Vertrag von Wanghia (chinesisch 中美望廈條約 / 中美望厦条约 Zhōng Měi Wàngxià tiáoyuē ‚Chinesisch Amerikanischer Vertrag von Wàngxià‘) gehört in die Reihe der im 19. Jahrhundert zwischen Qing China und den ausländischen Mächten… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • 1844 — Années : 1841 1842 1843  1844  1845 1846 1847 Décennies : 1810 1820 1830  1840  1850 1860 1870 Siècles : XVIIIe siècle  XIXe …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Traite de Huangpu — Traité de Huangpu Pour les articles homonymes, voir Huangpu (homonymie). Le trait de Huangpu (ou Whampoa en cantonais, en mandarin 黃埔條約/黄埔条约, huángpǔ tiáoyuē) est un traité commercial entre la France et la Chine, signé par Théodore de Lagrené et… …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”