procyonid

procyonid

mammal
Introduction
 any of a group of tree-climbing mammals comprising raccoons, coatis, the New World ringtail, the cacomistle, and the kinkajou. Though the 18 species are classified as carnivores, procyonids are actually omnivorous and are closely related to bears (family Ursidae). Indeed, both the giant panda (panda, giant) (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the lesser, or red, panda (panda) (Ailurus fulgens) have been grouped in the past as procyonids, though they are actually bears. Procyonids mostly inhabit Central America, and only the North American raccoon is widely distributed north of the tropics. The raccoon and some other procyonids are sometimes kept as pets.

Natural history
      Procyonids are relatively small carnivores that usually weigh 1–12 kg (2–26 pounds), depending on the species. Body lengths range from 30–70 cm (12–28 inches), and tails range from 20 to 70 cm. Coats are generally brown, and many species have facial markings and a dark-banded tail. The eyes are large and the ears rounded. The tail can be prehensile, as in the kinkajou (Potos flavus), or semiprehensile and used for balance, as in the coatis (genera Nasua and Nasuella). The feet have five digits and are void of fur on the soles. Long fingers allow great dexterity; all species are good climbers, and at least one species, the kinkajou, is arboreal. The claws are short, curved, and either nonretractile or semiretractile. Like bears, procyonids walk on the soles of the feet (plantigrade locomotion), leaving clear imprints of the paw pad and all digits. Procyonids have 40 teeth (tooth), with long canine teeth and small, sharp premolars; the molars are broad. This dentition is indicative of an omnivorous diet that includes animal flesh, invertebrates, fruits, and grains. Kinkajous are mostly fruit eaters (frugivorous), whereas other species are opportunistic and consume whatever is available.

      Social systems of procyonids vary from extensive groupings of unrelated animals, as observed in coatis, and the family groups of raccoons to the solitary kinkajou. Males mate with more than one female, and most procyoinids breed in the spring. Young are often born in hollow trees, tree cavities, or abandoned farm buildings. Only females provide parental care. Except for kinkajous, procyonids do not defend territories, with the result that many animals can occupy a relatively small area. Densities are affected mostly by abundance of food, depredation by humans, and natural predation and disease. The highest densities of procyonids occur among raccoons inhabiting urban areas of North America, such as Toronto in Canada and Chicago in the United States.

Paleontology and classification
      Procyonids belong to the mammalian order Carnivora. They evolved in the tropics, diverging from ursids about 30–50 million years ago.

Family Procyonidae (procyonids)
 18 species in 6 genera found only in the Western Hemisphere.
      Genus Procyon ( raccoons)
 7 Central and South American species, except for the North American raccoon.

      Genus Bassaricyon ( olingos)
 5 Central and South American species found in tropical forests.

      Genus Bassariscus (ringtail and cacomistle)
 2 South American species, with the ringtail ranging into North America.

      Genus Nasua ( coatis)
 2 Central and South American species, 1 ranging into North America.

      Genus Nasuella (mountain coati)
 1 South American species.

      Genus Potos ( kinkajou)
 1 Central and South American species found in tropical forests.

Serge Lariviere

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • procyonid — noun Any member of the Procyonidae, a New World family of the order Carnivora, including the raccoons, coatis, kinkajous, olingos, ringtails and cacomistles …   Wiktionary

  • procyonid — noun plantigrade carnivorous mammals • Hypernyms: ↑carnivore • Hyponyms: ↑raccoon, ↑racoon, ↑bassarisk, ↑cacomistle, ↑cacomixle, ↑coon cat, ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

  • Raccoon — For other species called raccoon in the genus Procyon, see Procyon (genus). For other uses, see Raccoon (disambiguation). Raccoon …   Wikipedia

  • Coati — White nosed coati Nasua narica Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia …   Wikipedia

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  • Ailuridae —   Ailuridae Escala temporal: Oligoceno Actualidad …   Wikipedia Español

  • carnivore — carnivoral /kahr niv euhr euhl/, adj. /kahr neuh vawr , vohr /, n. 1. an animal that eats flesh. 2. a flesh eating mammal of the order Carnivora, comprising the dogs, cats, bears, seals, and weasels. 3. an insectivorous plant. [1850 55; < L… …   Universalium

  • coon cat — noun 1. raccoon like omnivorous mammal of Mexico and the southwestern United States having a long bushy tail with black and white rings • Syn: ↑bassarisk, ↑cacomistle, ↑cacomixle, ↑raccoon fox, ↑ringtail, ↑ring tailed cat, ↑civet cat, ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

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