oprichnina

oprichnina

▪ Russian history
      private court or household created by Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible (1565) that administered those Russian lands (also known as oprichnina) that had been separated from the rest of Muscovy and placed under the tsar's direct control. The term also refers generally to the economic and administrative policy that divided the Russian lands into two parts and established the new court.

      The oprichnina land area was located in northern and central Muscovy and was created by the forcible removal of boyars (boyar) (upper nobility) from their estates; the boyars were either executed or relocated on land that continued to be ruled in the traditional manner.

      The term oprichnina also refers to this reign of terror, which was conducted by the oprichniki, members of the tsar's new court, who were primarily drawn from the lower gentry and foreign population. The terror culminated with the proscription of the entire population of Novgorod and the sack of that northern city, which opposed Muscovite dominance (1570). The policy reduced the boyars' political power, disrupted the Russian economy, and contributed to the centralization of the Muscovite state. After 1572, when the oprichniki were disbanded, the term dvor (court) replaced oprichnina.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Oprichnina — The Oprichniks. This canvas by N. V. Nevrev shows the oprichniks about to knife the boyar I. P. Fyodorov (1568), whom they have forced to sit on the Tsar s throne. The Oprichnina (Russian: Опричнина, IPA: [ɐˈprʲit͡ɕnʲɪnə]) is the period …   Wikipedia

  • Opríchnina — Los Oprichniks. La Opríchnina (Опричнина) fue una porción del territorio ruso controlado directamente por el zar Iván El Terrible. La palabra deriva del ruso antiguo (опричь) opric , y significa aparte , a excepción de . Por extensión, oprichnina …   Wikipedia Español

  • Oprichnina —    Russia’s first secret service, the Oprichnina, was founded in 1564 by Tsar Ivan IV (“The Terrible”). To search out his enemies, Ivan dispatched 6,000 Oprichniki who were dressed in black, rode black horses, and carried a dog’s head and a broom …   Historical dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence

  • Ivan the Terrible — For other uses, see Ivan the Terrible (disambiguation). Ivan IV the Terrible Ivan IV the Terrible Tsar of All Russia Reign …   Wikipedia

  • Ivan IV — ( Ivan the Terrible ) 1530 84, first czar of Russia 1547 84. * * * Russian Ivan Vasilyevich known as Ivan the Terrible born Aug. 25, 1530, Kolomenskoye, near Moscow died March 18, 1584, Moscow Grand prince of Moscow (1533–84) and first tsar of… …   Universalium

  • Massacre of Novgorod — The Massacre of Novgorod was an attack launched by Tsar Ivan IV’s oprichniki on the city of Novgorod, Russia in 1570. The sheer number of casualties combined with the extreme level of violent cruelty makes this campaign possibly the most vicious… …   Wikipedia

  • Tsardom of Russia — The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. For other uses, see Russia (disambiguation). For Kingdom of Rus , see Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Tsardom of Russia Царство Русcкое Tsarstvo Russkoye …   Wikipedia

  • Ivan the Terrible (film) — Infobox Film name = Ivan the Terrible caption = Theatrical poster of Ivan the Terrible imdb id = 0037824 amg id = 1:25620 director = Sergei Eisenstein writer = Sergei Eisenstein starring = Nikolai Cherkasov Lyudmila Tselikovskaya Serafima Birman… …   Wikipedia

  • Russia — /rush euh/, n. 1. Also called Russian Empire. Russian, Rossiya. a former empire in E Europe and N and W Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution 1917. Cap.: St. Petersburg (1703 1917). 2. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 3. See Russian… …   Universalium

  • Ivan IV of Russia — Infobox Russian Royalty|monarch name =Ivan IV the Terrible title =Tsar of All Russia caption =Portrait of Ivan IV by Viktor Vasnetsov, 1897 (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow) reign = 3 December, 1533 OldStyleDate|28 March|1584|18 March coronation =16… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”