Newburn, Battle of

Newburn, Battle of

▪ English history
      (Aug. 28, 1640), decisive military encounter in the Bishops' War (Bishops' Wars), in which an army of Scottish invaders defeated the English forces of Charles I and captured Newcastle (Newcastle upon Tyne), forcing the king to convene parliament and sacrifice unpopular policies and ministers.

      After the first Bishops' War between Charles I and his Scottish subjects ended in stalemate, in September 1639 the king accepted the advice of Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford (Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st earl of, Baron Of Raby), to raise an army of some 30,000 men the following year to take Edinburgh and crush the Covenanter movement. Few of the troops raised saw battle, however. The Scots crossed into England with unexpected speed on Aug. 20, 1640, and within a week reached the River Tyne (Tyne, River). On August 28, they routed the English forces facing them at Newburn near Newcastle. “Never so many ran from so few with less ado,” complained one English officer. Newcastle fell without resistance two days later. In London, the government panicked, and some officials planned to prepare Portsmouth, on the English Channel coast, as a last-ditch stronghold.

      Although the Scots remained in the north, in November the king reluctantly agreed to convene parliament (the Long Parliament) in order to raise the money needed to pay his own army and to buy off the Scots. This allowed his domestic opponents to make redress of their grievances a precondition for voting funds, and they worked closely with the Scottish peace commissioners to get their way—particularly in eliminating Strafford. On May 10, 1641, Charles signed Strafford's death warrant; the next day Parliament agreed to a draft treaty with the Scots. Strafford's execution took place on the 12th, and the following day Parliament voted the funds needed to demobilize all the troops in the north. The Scots marched out of Newcastle in August 1641. One year later, the English Civil Wars began.

N. Geoffrey Parker
 

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Newburn — Coordinates: 54°58′59″N 1°44′35″W / 54.983°N 1.743°W / 54.983; 1.743 …   Wikipedia

  • Battle of Newburn — Infobox Military Conflict conflict=Battle of Newburn partof=Bishops Wars caption= date=August 28, 1640 place=Newburn, Northumberland, England result=Scottish victory combatant1= combatant2=Flag|England commander1=Alexander Leslie commander2=Lord… …   Wikipedia

  • Battle of Dunbar (1650) — Coordinates: 56°00′00″N 2°30′50″W / 56.000°N 2.514°W / 56.000; 2.514 …   Wikipedia

  • Newburn — ▪ neighbourhood, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom       urban area, Newcastle upon Tyne metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, historic county of Northumberland, England. It lies on the western boundary of the… …   Universalium

  • Battle of Penang — followed up with a salvo of shells which riddled the ship. A second torpedo, fired as the Emden turned to leave penetrated the forward magazine, causing an explosion that sank the Russian ship. Returning to the harbour from a patrol was the… …   Wikipedia

  • English Civil Wars — (1642–51) Armed conflict in the British Isles between Parliamentarians and supporters of the monarchy (Royalists). Tension between Charles I and the House of Commons had been building for some time, and after his unsuccessful attempt to arrest… …   Universalium

  • Stella Power Station — Infobox UK power station static static image caption=Stella North and South Power Stations. Viewed from Newburn Bridge on 31 October 1987. Stella North is on the left and Stella South is on the right. os grid reference=NZ175644 latitude=54.974278 …   Wikipedia

  • George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle — The Duke of Albemarle George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle , part of the Flagmen of Lowestoft series from the studio of Sir Pe …   Wikipedia

  • Newcastle University Boat Club — Coordinates: 54°58′47″N 1°44′37″W / 54.9798°N 1.7436°W / 54.9798; 1.7436 …   Wikipedia

  • Civil parishes in Tyne and Wear — A map of Tyne and Wear, showing the Metropolitan Boroughs: (1) Gateshead; (2) Newcastle upon Tyne; (3) North Tyneside; (4) South Tyneside; and (5) Sunderland. A civil parish is a subnational entity, forming the lowest unit of local government in… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”