Maskawa Toshihide

▪ Japanese physicist

Maskawa also spelled  Masukawa 

born Feb. 7, 1940, Japan

      Japanese physicist who was a corecipient, with Yoichiro Nambu (Nambu, Yoichiro) and Kobayashi Makoto, of the 2008 Nobel Prize for Physics. Maskawa and Kobayashi shared half the prize for their discovery of the origin of broken symmetry, which created at least six quarks (quark) moments after the big bang (big-bang model).

      In 1972 Kobayashi and Maskawa proposed that CP violation (the violation of the combined conservation laws (conservation law) associated with charge conjugation [C] and parity [P] by the weak force) is an inherent property of the standard model of subatomic particles (subatomic particle) if there exist at least two additional quarks beyond the four “flavours” (up, down, charm, and strange) known at that time. These two new quark flavours were experimentally confirmed in 1977 (bottom quark) and 1995 (top quark).

      Maskawa received a Ph.D. in 1967 from Nagoya University in Japan. He later was on the faculty at the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics at Kyoto University, from which he retired as professor emeritus. Maskawa was also a professor at Kyoto Sangyo University.

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