London, Artur

▪ Czechoslovak official

in full  Artur Gerard London  

born Feb. 1, 1915, Ostrava, Moravia, Austria-Hungary [now in Czech Republic]

died Nov. 8, 1986, Paris, France

      Czechoslovak Communist official who wrote a powerful autobiographical account of his own political trial.

      A Communist from the age of 14, London joined the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War in 1936. During World War II he worked for the French Resistance from August 1940 until 1942, when he was arrested by the Germans and deported to Mauthausen concentration camp. After the war he returned to France. In 1947 he sought treatment in Switzerland for the tuberculosis he had contracted at Mauthausen.

      After his return to Czechoslovakia, London joined the Communist regime as undersecretary for foreign affairs in 1949. In January 1951 he was arrested in a purge directed largely at former members of the International Brigades; he was accused of espionage activities and was imprisoned in Hungary. In November 1952 London and 13 other defendants, including former Communist Party secretary-general Rudolf Slánský, were put on trial. The proceedings had strong overtones of anti-Semitism: Slánský, London, and most of the other defendants were Jewish and were charged with being Zionist agents. Having undergone torture in prison and hopeful of light sentences by cooperating with the prosecution, all defendants confessed to their indictments. London was sentenced to life imprisonment. As a result of the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev's policies of de-Stalinization, London's case was reviewed; he was released in 1956 and was later rehabilitated. He left Czechoslovakia in 1963 and returned to France, where, with his wife, Lise, he wrote L'Aveu in 1968 (published in English as The Confession), an account of his ordeal. The book was made into a film under the same name in 1970 by Costa-Gavras.

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