Johnson, Richard M

▪ vice president of United States

born 1780, near Louisville, Va. [now in Kentucky], U.S.

died Nov. 19, 1850, Frankfort, Ky.

 ninth vice president of the United States (1837–41) in the Democratic (Democratic Party) administration of President Martin Van Buren (Van Buren, Martin).

      Johnson was the son of Robert Johnson, who later served in the Kentucky legislature, and Jemima Suggett. Admitted to the bar in 1802, Richard Johnson was elected to the state legislature in 1804 and two years later to the United States House of Representatives (Representatives, House of), where he served for 20 years (1807–19; 1829–37); he also served in the Senate (1819–29). Despite his early affiliation with policies later endorsed by the Whigs (Whig Party), he became a loyal supporter of President Andrew Jackson (Jackson, Andrew) (1829–37), accommodating himself to the Democratic policies favouring low tariffs and the dissolution of the Bank of the United States. In turn, Jackson insisted on Johnson's nomination as Van Buren's vice president in 1836. For the first time in American history, the electoral college could not agree among the four vice presidential candidates, and Johnson was selected by the Senate under the rules of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Constitution of the United States of America).

      Although Johnson's term in office was uneventful, opposition to him within the party increased, not least because of his open, long-term relationship with a female slave, by whom the unmarried Johnson had two children. In 1840 the Democratic national convention took the unprecedented course of refusing to nominate anyone for the vice presidency. In the ensuing election, Van Buren and Johnson were defeated by the Whig candidates William Henry Harrison (Harrison, William Henry) and John Tyler (Tyler, John). Johnson retired to private life and died shortly after being reelected to the Kentucky legislature.

* * *