IBM OS/360

IBM OS/360

in full  International Business Machines Operating System/360 

      an operating system introduced by IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) in 1964 to operate its 360 family of mainframe computer systems. The 360 system was unprecedented in its ability to support a wide array of applications, and it was one of the first operating systems to require direct-access storage devices.

      The name 360 was chosen to convey that a single system could support a full range of machines, though three versions of the operating system existed. OS/360 PCP (Principal Control Program) was the simplest and could run only one program at a time. IBM used it in-house for developing other systems. OS/360 MFT (Multiple Programming with a Fixed Number of Tasks) could run several programs but only after partitioning the memory required to run each; its limitation was that, if one program was idle, memory devoted to it was inaccessible by other programs. OS/MVT (Multiple Programming with a Variable Number of Tasks) allowed memory divisions to be re-created as needed. Whenever memory was available, the system searched a queue of jobs for any that could be run on available memory. OS/MVT was also able to allocate all a computer's memory to a single large job, creating a versatility unavailable in other operating systems.

      With the advent of virtual addressing hardware, or virtual memory (computer science), a process in which discontiguous computer memory is made to appear contiguous (and thus sufficient) to applications, OS/MFT was renamed OS/VS1, and OS/MVT became OS/VS2. OS/VS2 later became the standard system, OS/MVS (Multiple Virtual Spaces). As of 2000, OS/360 entered the public domain, making it freely available for download by users and developers.

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