enamel miniature

enamel miniature

 portrait on a small opaque, usually white, enamel surface annealed to gold or copper plate and painted with metallic oxides. Since the pigments used are not vitreous enamels, this is not a true enamelling process. The metallic paints are slightly fused to the enamel surface through heating. After cooling, the completed picture is covered with a transparent vitreous enamel and heated again to give the image a glazed appearance.

      The technique of making enamel miniatures was introduced in the 17th century by Jean (Toutin, Jean) and Henri Toutin. The first major artist working in this technique was Jean Petitot, who in the 17th century painted portrait miniatures for the courts of Charles I of England and Louis XIV of France (see Petitot, Jean).

      In the early 18th century the enamel miniature enjoyed the greatest popularity among English patrons. The Swedish-born Charles Boit produced works in this medium in London for William III and Queen Anne. The German-born Christian Friedrich Zincke painted most of the English celebrities of the mid-18th century in enamels of remarkably even quality. The widespread European popularity of the miniature portrait painted on ivory brought about the decline of the enamel miniature in the second half of the 18th century, although the art continued to be practiced in England into the 19th century by such accomplished miniaturists as Henry Bone and William H. Craft.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • miniature painting — Small, detailed painting, usually a portrait, executed in watercolour on vellum (parchment), prepared card, copper, or ivory that can be held in the hand or worn as a piece of jewelry. The name derives from the minium, or red lead, used to… …   Universalium

  • Portrait miniature — miniaturist redirects here. For manuscript illustrators, see Miniature (illuminated manuscript). Miniature self portrait, by Louis Marie Autissier, in the foreground, the artist s pencils, brushes, and tools for painting miniatures can be seen.… …   Wikipedia

  • Vitreous enamel — In a discussion of material science, enamel (or vitreous enamel or porcelain enamel in U.S. English) is the colorful result of fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing, usually between 750 and 850 degrees Celsius. The powder melts and flows …   Wikipedia

  • Petitot, Jean — ▪ Swiss painter born July 12, 1607, Geneva, Switz. died April 3, 1691, Vevey       Swiss painter who was the first great miniature portraitist in enamel. (enamel miniature)       The son of the sculptor Faulle Petitot, he was apprenticed to a… …   Universalium

  • Toutin, Jean — ▪ French artist born 1578, Châteaudun, Eure et Loire, France died June 14, 1644, Paris       French enamelworker (enamelwork) who was one of the first artists to make enamel portrait miniatures (enamel miniature).       Although the art of… …   Universalium

  • Gilbert Collection — The Gilbert Collection is a collection of objets d art formed by the English born businessman Sir Arthur Gilbert, who made most of his fortune in the property business in California. After initially becoming interested in silver, he assembled a… …   Wikipedia

  • Edouard Bovet — (1797 1849) was a Swiss watchmaker and founder of the Bovet watch company.He was born in Fleurier in Neuchâtel, moved to London in 1814 and went on to Canton in 1818 where he set up in business in partnership with his brothers in 1822. The… …   Wikipedia

  • Warrant Officer — A Warrant Officer (WO) is a member of a military organization holding one of a specific group of ranks. In most countries they are effectively senior non commissioned officers, although technically in a class of their own between NCOs and… …   Wikipedia

  • Corporal — This article is about the military rank. For other uses, see Corporal (disambiguation). Common anglophone military ranks Navies Armies Air forces Officers Admiral of the fleet Ma …   Wikipedia

  • Chief Warrant Officer — in the United States Armed Forces refers to any warrant officer W 2 and above. For the US rank, see Warrant Officer (United States).Chief Warrant Officer or CWO is the most senior Army and Air Force non commissioned member (NCM) rank of the… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”