electronegativity

electronegativity

      in chemistry, the ability of an atom to attract to itself an electron pair shared with another atom in a chemical bond.

      The commonly used measure of the electronegativities of chemical elements is the electronegativity scale derived by Linus Pauling (Pauling, Linus) in 1932. In it the elements are tabulated in decreasing order of electronegativity, fluorine being the most electronegative and cesium the least. The scale was derived from a comparison of the energies associated with chemical bonds between various combinations of atoms. A scale very similar to Pauling's values has been obtained by measurements of atomic ionization potentials and electron affinities.

      Elements differing greatly in electronegativity tend to form ionic compounds, composed of positively and negatively charged units called ions; those differing moderately in electronegativity form polar, covalent compounds, in which atoms are held together by chemical bonds but which show some degree of ionization, while those elements with approximately equal electronegativities form nonpolar compounds, which show little charge separation.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Electronegativity — This electrostatic potential map shows how the oxygen atom has a more negative charge than the hydrogen atoms. Electronegativity, symbol χ (the Greek letter chi), is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group …   Wikipedia

  • electronegativity — elektrinis neigiamumas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Atomo ar grupės gebėjimas poliarizuoti kovalentinį ryšį. atitikmenys: angl. electronegativity rus. электроотрицательность …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • electronegativity — elektrinis neigiamumas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. electronegativity vok. Elektronegativität, f rus. электроотрицательность, f pranc. électronégativité, f …   Fizikos terminų žodynas

  • electronegativity — noun see electronegative …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • electronegativity — noun The tendency, or a measure of the ability, of an atom or molecule to attract electrons and thus form bonds. See Also: electronegative, electropositivity …   Wiktionary

  • electronegativity — elec·tro·neg·a·tiv·i·ty (e lek″tro neg″ə tivґĭ te) the relative power of an atom or molecule to attract electrons …   Medical dictionary

  • electronegativity — noun (chemistry) the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond • Syn: ↑negativity • Topics: ↑chemistry, ↑chemical science • Hypernyms: ↑tendency, ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

  • List of Allen electronegativity — This is a list of Allen electronegativities of the main group elements:Xspec Allen (spectroscopic) Scale, XP Pauling Scale, XA R Allred Rochow Scale, XM Mulliken Scale, XJ Jaffe Scale, XS Sanderson ScaleNotes:: Unknown:† Value taken from… …   Wikipedia

  • electronegative — electronegativity, n. /i lek troh neg euh tiv/, adj. Physical Chem. 1. containing negative electricity; tending to migrate to the positive pole in electrolysis. 2. assuming negative potential when in contact with a dissimilar substance. 3.… …   Universalium

  • nitrogen group element — ▪ chemical elements Introduction  any of the chemical elements that constitute Group Va of the periodic table (see Figure >). The group consists of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi). The elements share… …   Universalium

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”