Coriolis, Gustave-Gaspard

Coriolis, Gustave-Gaspard

▪ French physicist

born May 21, 1792, Paris
died Sept. 19, 1843, Paris
 French engineer and mathematician who first described the Coriolis force, an effect of motion on a rotating body, of paramount importance to meteorology, ballistics, and oceanography.

      An assistant professor of analysis and mechanics at the École Polytechnique, Paris (1816–38), he introduced the terms work and kinetic energy in their modern scientific meanings in his first major book, Du calcul de l'effet des machines (1829; “On the Calculation of Mechanical Action”), in which he attempted to adapt theoretical principles to applied mechanics.

 In 1835 he published a paper, “Sur les équations du mouvement relatif des systèmes de corps” (“On the Equations of Relative Motion of Systems of Bodies”), in which he showed that on a rotating surface, in addition to the ordinary effects of motion of a body, there is an inertial force acting on the body at right angles to its direction of motion. This force results in a curved path for a body that would otherwise travel in a straight line. The Coriolis force on Earth determines the general wind directions and is responsible for the rotation of hurricanes and tornadoes. His other works include Traité de la mécanique des corps solides (1844; “Treatise on the Mechanics of Solid Bodies”) and Théorie mathématique des effets du jeu de billiard (1835; “Mathematical Theory of the Game of Billiards”).
 

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  • Coriolis , Gustave-Gaspard — (1792–1843) French physicist Coriolis, a Parisian by birth, studied and taught at the Ecole Polytechnique, becoming assistant professor of analysis and mechanics in 1816. He was the first to give precise definitions of work and kinetic energy in… …   Scientists

  • Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis — Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis. Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis (* 21. Mai 1792 in Paris; † 19. September 1843 ebenda, Aussprache: [ˈkôr ē ō lĭs]) war ein französischer Mathematiker und Physiker. Coriolis besuchte die …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis — Gaspard Gustave Coriolis Gaspard Gustave Coriolis Gaspard Gustave Coriolis, né à Paris le 21 mai 1792 et mort à Paris le 19 septembre 1843, est un mathématicien et ingénieur français. Il a donné son nom à la force de Co …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis — n. Gaspard de Coriolis (1792 1843), French physicist and mathematician, discoverer of the Coriolis effect …   English contemporary dictionary

  • Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis — Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis. Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis (* 21. Mai 1792 in Paris; † 19. September 1843 ebenda, Aussprache: [ˈkôr ē ō lĭs]) war ein französischer Mathematiker und Physiker. Coriolis besuchte die …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Gaspard de Coriolis — Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis. Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis (* 21. Mai 1792 in Paris; † 19. September 1843 ebenda, Aussprache: [ˈkôr ē ō lĭs]) war ein französischer Mathematiker und Physiker. Coriolis besuchte die …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis —     Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis     French mathematician, born at Paris, in 1792; died in the same city, 1843. He entered the Ecole Polytechnique in 1808, and later continued his studies… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Gaspard Coriolis — Gaspard Coriolis. Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis (21 de mayo de 1792, París id. 19 de septiembre de 1843). Ingeniero y matemático francés, enterrado en el Cementerio de Montparnasse (División 12 1 Oeste 12 Norte). Hijo de Jean Baptiste Elzéar… …   Wikipedia Español

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  • Coriolis force — n. 〚after G. G. de Coriolis (1792 1843), Fr mathematician〛 an apparent deflective force acting on a moving object, as an airplane, that is being observed from a rotating system, as the surface of the earth: it is proportional to the speed of the… …   Universalium

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