Cleveland, Frances

▪ American first lady

née  Frances Folsom , also called (1913–47)  Frances Cleveland Preston 

born July 21, 1864, Buffalo, New York, U.S.

died October 29, 1947, Baltimore, Maryland

 American first lady (1886–89; 1893–97), the wife of Grover Cleveland (Cleveland, Grover), 22nd and 24th president of the United States, and the youngest first lady in American history.

      Frances Folsom was the only daughter of Emma Harmon Folsom and Oscar Folsom, a lawyer. She lived comfortably and was educated at private schools, but her life changed dramatically after her father died in a carriage accident in 1874. Although financially secure, “Frank,” as she was called, and her mother moved frequently, living briefly with various relatives in Minnesota and Michigan before returning to Buffalo, New York.

      After her graduation from Wells College in Aurora, New York, in 1885, Frances and her mother toured Europe for a year. During this time Frances continued her long-standing correspondence with Grover Cleveland, the newly inaugurated president, who had been Oscar Folsom's law partner and executor and a close family friend from before the time of Frances's birth. (Cleveland had purchased Frances's first baby carriage.) After Frances and her mother visited the White House in the spring of 1885, rumours circulated that the bachelor president might marry Mrs. Folsom, but he proposed to Frances (by letter) just before she left for Europe. Although word spread about the impending marriage, Frances declined comment and went ahead with her travel plans. Soon after her return, they were married in the Blue Room of the White House on June 2, 1886, the first time an incumbent president wed in the mansion.

      At 21 years of age, Frances was the youngest first lady in the nation's history, a distinction that attracted enormous attention. Advertisers began using her image in illustrations and sought her endorsements for their products, and many parents named their infant daughters after her. Her popularity partly explains the importance of a false rumour that circulated during the 1888 election, in which Grover ran unsuccessfully for a second term. After word spread that he had physically abused his young wife, she wrote a public letter which said that she wished that all the women of America could have husbands “as kind, attentive and considerate, and affectionate as mine.”

      Like many presidential families, the Clevelands found the White House an uncomfortable place to live. In order to have more space and privacy, they rented a house outside Washington, D.C., and returned to the executive mansion for official functions, thus becoming the first incumbent president and his wife to live outside the White House since it was first occupied in 1800. By the time Grover won a second term in 1892, they had a young daughter, and Frances was pregnant with a second child. During his second term, when the family needed even more space, they lived in another rented house in Georgetown. During her husband's secret surgery for mouth cancer in July 1893, she successfully deflected reporters who were trying to locate him, thus helping keep from the public information that could have adversely affected the financial markets. On September 9, 1893, Frances gave birth to a daughter, who was the first child born to a sitting president.

      She had another daughter in 1895 and two sons after leaving the White House in 1897. Frances and Grover Cleveland retired to Princeton, New Jersey, where Grover died on June 24, 1908. Frances married a Princeton archaeologist, Thomas Jex Preston, in 1913, becoming the first presidential widow to remarry. She died in 1947 and was buried beside Grover Cleveland in Princeton.

Betty Boyd Caroli

Additional Reading

A brief biography of Frances Cleveland is Sue Severn, “Frances (Clara) Folsom Cleveland,” in Lewis L. Gould (ed.), American First Ladies (1996), pp. 243–259. Several biographies of Grover Cleveland include information about Frances, including Allan Nevins, Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage ( 1932; reprinted in 2 vol., 1989); and Robert McElroy, Grover Cleveland: The Man and the Statesman, 2 vol. (1923; reissued 2 vol. in 1, 1925). Betty Boyd Caroli, First Ladies, expanded ed. (1995), pp. 319–321, gives information about the treatment of Frances by the press.

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