Brentano, Franz

Brentano, Franz

▪ German philosopher
in full  Franz Clemens Brentano 
born January 16, 1838, Marienberg, Hesse-Nassau [Germany]
died March 17, 1917, Zürich, Switzerland

      German philosopher generally regarded as the founder of act psychology, or intentionalism, which concerns itself with the acts of the mind rather than with the contents of the mind. He was a nephew of the poet Clemens Brentano.

      Brentano was ordained a Roman Catholic priest (1864) and was appointed Privatdozent (unsalaried lecturer) in philosophy (1866) and professor (1872) at the University of Würzburg. Religious doubts, exacerbated by the doctrine of papal infallibility (1870), led to his resignation from his post and the priesthood (1873).

      Brentano then began writing one of his best-known and most influential works, Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkte (1874; “Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint”), in which he tried to present a systematic psychology that would be a science of the soul.

      Concerned with mental processes (thought), or acts, he revived and modernized the scholastic philosophical theory of “intentional existence (intentionality),” or, as he called it, “immanent objectivity”; in psychical phenomena, he held, there is a “direction of the mind to an object” (e.g., one sees something). The object seen is said to “inexist” within the act of seeing or to have “immanent objectivity.” He suggested that, fundamentally, the mind can refer to objects by perception and ideation, including sensing and imagining; by judgment, including acts of acknowledgment, rejection, and recall; and by loving or hating, which take into account desires, intentions, wishes, and feelings. The ideas expressed in the Psychologie formed the credo of his followers and became the starting point of their work.

      In 1874 Brentano was appointed professor at the University of Vienna. His decision to marry in 1880 was blocked by Austrian authorities, who refused to accept his resignation from the priesthood and, considering him still a cleric, denied him permission to marry. He was forced to resign his professorship, and he moved with his wife to Leipzig. The following year he was allowed to return to the University of Vienna as a Privatdozent, and he remained there until 1895. He enjoyed wide popularity with his students, among whom were psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud (Freud, Sigmund), psychologist Carl Stumpf (Stumpf, Carl), philosopher Edmund Husserl (Husserl, Edmund), and Tomáš Masaryk (Masaryk, Tomáš (Garrigue)), the founder of modern Czechoslovakia. Another major work of Brentano's, Untersuchungen zur Sinnespsychologie (“Inquiry into Sense Psychology”), appeared in 1907. Completing his early masterwork was Von der Klassifikation der psychischen Phänomene (1911; “On the Classification of Psychological Phenomena”).

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Brentano, Franz (Clemens) — born Jan. 16, 1838, Marienberg, Hesse Nassau died March 17, 1917, Zürich, Switz. German philosopher. Nephew of Clemens Brentano, he was ordained a priest in 1864 and taught at the University of Würzburg (1866–73). Religious doubts led to his… …   Universalium

  • Brentano, Franz (Clemens) — (16 ene. 1838, Marienberg, Hesse Nassau–17 mar. 1917, Zurich, Suiza). Filósofo alemán. Sobrino de Clemens Brentano, se ordenó sacerdote en 1864 y enseñó en la Universidad de Würzburg (1866–73). Las dudas religiosas lo hicieron abandonar el… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Brentano, Franz — ► (1838 1917) Filósofo austríaco. Renovó la tradición aristotélica. En Psicología desde el punto de vista empírico (1874) expone su idea fundamental del carácter intencional de la conciencia. Otras obras: La psicología de Aristóteles, Sobre el… …   Enciclopedia Universal

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  • Franz Brentano (Philosoph und Psychologe) — Franz Brentano Franz Clemens Brentano (* 16. Januar 1838 in Marienberg bei Boppard am Rhein; † 17. März 1917 in Zürich) war ein deutscher Philosoph und Psychologe. Sein Grab befindet sich in Aschaffenburg (Unterfranken). Franz Brenta …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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