Bravais, Auguste

▪ French physicist

born Aug. 23, 1811, Annonay, Fr.

died March 30, 1863, Le Chesnay

      French physicist best remembered for his work on the lattice theory of crystals; Bravais lattices (Bravais lattice) are named for him.

      Bravais completed his classical education at the Collège Stanislas, Paris, and received his doctorate from Lyon in 1837. His interest in exploration prompted him to join the Navy, and he began teaching astronomy at the Faculté des Sciences at Lyon in 1841. In 1844 he was elected to the Académie Royal des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon. In 1845 he was appointed professor of physics at the École Polytechnique, Paris, and in 1854 was admitted to the geography and navigation section of the Académie des Sciences, Paris.

      Bravais was responsible for the revival of interest in the study of the external forms of crystals and their internal structures. After intensive study of lattice properties, he derived in 1848 the 14 possible arrangements of points in space. In Études cristallographiques (1866) he exhaustively analyzed the geometry of molecular polyhedra.

      Numerous other books and articles reflected Bravais's ceaseless curiosity that resulted in comprehensive studies of such diverse subjects as terrestrial magnetism, the northern lights, meteorology, botanical geography, astronomy, and hydrography.

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