Bradley, Joseph P.

Bradley, Joseph P.

▪ United States jurist
born March 14, 1813, Berne, N.Y., U.S.
died Jan. 22, 1892, Washington, D.C.
 associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1870. Bradley was appointed to fill a vacancy on the Electoral Commission of 1877, and his vote elected Rutherford B. Hayes president of the United States. As a justice he emphasized the power of the federal government to regulate commerce. His decisions reflecting this view, rendered during the period of rapid industrialization that followed the American Civil War, were significant in assuring a national market for manufactured goods. His refusal to allow constitutional protection for the civil rights of blacks assisted in the defeat of Reconstruction in the South.

      A farm boy with a thirst for learning, Bradley managed to find a way to attend Rutgers College. He thereafter passed the New Jersey bar. He grew to be both a reflective master of the law and an active participant in large undertakings; the Camden & Amboy Railroad was his most important client. In 1870 Bradley was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Ulysses S. Grant and was assigned, as a traveling circuit justice, to the Fifth (Southern) Circuit. His first major civil-rights case was United States v. Cruikshank, which he heard initially in federal circuit court in 1874. It concerned an armed attack by whites who killed 60 blacks at a political rally in Louisiana. Bradley ruled that such rights as the citizen's right to vote, to assemble peaceably, and to bear arms and the rights to due process and equal protection were not protected by the federal government but by the states. When the case reached the Supreme Court, the majority held the same view.

      In 1883 Bradley and the court majority declared unconstitutional two sections of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which had forbidden discrimination on the ground of colour in inns, public conveyances, and places of amusement. Bradley held that the act was beyond the power of Congress because the Fourteenth Amendment barred discriminatory actions only by states and not by private individuals. The dissent by Justice John M. Harlan, who called attention to the public nature of inns and restaurants, was later to be followed by Congress in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and sustained by the Supreme Court under the Commerce Clause, in Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S. (1964) and Katzenbach v. McClurg (1964).

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  • Bradley Joseph — (né en 1965 à Wilmar, Minnesota, États Unis) est un compositeur, un pianiste et un claviériste américain qui a travaillé avec des musiciens internationaux tels que Yanni et Sheena Easton. Il paraît sur l album Yanni …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Bradley Joseph — ] Rquote|right|Working with Easton was ...a shock in musical styles but a welcome change. Wheeler questioned how he got hooked up with Easton; Joseph answered that he was recommended by a former road manager. He was included in a try out with… …   Wikipedia

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  • Rapture (Bradley Joseph album) — For the album of the same name by Anita Baker, see Rapture (album) Infobox Album Name = Rapture Type = Studio album Artist = Bradley Joseph Background = lightsteelblue Released = March 11, 1997 Genre = Contemporary instrumental Adult contemporary …   Wikipedia

  • Christmas Around the World (Bradley Joseph album) — Infobox Album Name = Christmas Around the World Type = studio Artist = Bradley Joseph Background = lightsteelblue Released = October 31, 2000 Genre = Contemporary instrumental Adult contemporary (soft) Easy listening | Length = 50:55 Label =… …   Wikipedia

  • For the Love of It (Bradley Joseph album) — Infobox Album Name = For the Love of It Type = studio album Artist = Bradley Joseph Background = lightsteelblue Released = November 01, 2005 Genre = Contemporary instrumental Adult contemporary (soft) Easy listening Length = 58:21 Label = Robbins …   Wikipedia

  • Classic Christmas (Bradley Joseph album) — For other uses, see Classic Christmas. Classic Christmas Studio album by Bradley Joseph …   Wikipedia

  • The Road Ahead (Bradley Joseph album) — For the book of the same name by Bill Gates, see The Road Ahead. Infobox Album Name = The Road Ahead Type = Compilation Album Artist = Bradley Joseph Background = darkseagreen Released = 2004 Genre = Contemporary instrumental Adult contemporary… …   Wikipedia

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