Boorstin, Daniel J.

▪ American historian

in full  Daniel Joseph Boorstin 

born October 1, 1914, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.

died February 28, 2004, Washington, D.C.

 influential social historian and educator known for his studies of American civilization, notably his major work, The Americans, in three volumes: The Colonial Experience (1958), The National Experience (1965), and The Democratic Experience (1973; Pulitzer Prize, 1974).

      Boorstin received his B.A. from Harvard University (1934) and two law degrees from the University of Oxford (1936, 1937) as a Rhodes scholar. He taught history at the University of Chicago from 1944 to 1969, writing while there The Lost World of Thomas Jefferson (1948), The Genius of American Politics (1953), and the first two volumes of The Americans, his analysis of American history and culture's distinctive characteristics. During the 1960s Boorstin angered students for his opposition to affirmative action and campus protests. A member of the Communist Party during the 1930s, he was also criticized for providing names of other members to the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1953. From 1969 to 1973 Boorstin directed the National Museum of History and Technology at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., and in 1975 he was appointed librarian of Congress (Congress, Library of) despite the objections of several organizations, including the American Library Association, which complained that he was not a licensed librarian. Boorstin served in the post until 1987, and during his tenure public use of the Library of Congress more than doubled.

      Boorstin's other notable works include The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America (1961), in which he argued that many events are staged for publicity purposes and have little real value; the book was inspired by the televised U.S. presidential debates between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon in 1960. Boorstin also wrote a trilogy—The Discoverers (1983), The Creators (1992), and The Seekers (1998)—that examined the history of intellectual thought, particularly among artists, explorers, and religious leaders. He was a member of Encyclopædia Britannica's Board of Editors from 1983 to 1988 and was the editor of the “Chicago History of American Civilization” series.

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