Abrikosov, Alexey A.

Abrikosov, Alexey A.

▪ Russian physicist
in full  Alexey Alexeevich Abrikosov 
born June 25, 1928, Moscow, U.S.S.R. [now Russia]

      Russian physicist, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2003 for his pioneering contribution to the theory of superconductivity. He shared the award with Vitaly L. Ginzburg (Ginzburg, Vitaly Lazarevich) of Russia and Anthony J. Leggett (Leggett, Anthony J.) of Great Britain.

      Abrikosov received doctorates in physics from the Institute for Physical Problems (now the P.L. Kapitsa Institute) in Moscow in 1951 and 1955. In the following decades he worked at scientific institutions and universities in the U.S.S.R. In 1991 he joined Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois and became a distinguished scientist in its materials science division.

      Abrikosov's prizewinning work focused on superconductivity, the disappearance of electrical resistance in various solids when they are cooled below a certain critical (and typically very low) temperature. The phenomenon was first identified in 1911, and in the following decades scientists explained why certain metals, termed type I superconductors, lose electrical resistance. However, there was a second group of metals, termed type II superconductors, that continued to superconduct even in the presence of very powerful magnetic fields, with superconductivity and magnetism existing within them at the same time. Building on the work done by Ginzburg and others, Abrikosov devised a theoretical explanation for type II superconductivity. This enabled other scientists to create and test new superconducting materials and build more powerful electromagnets. Among the practical results were magnets critical for the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners used in medical diagnostics.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Ginzburg, Vitaly Lazarevich — ▪ Russian physicist born October 4 [September 21, Old Style], 1916, Moscow, Russia    Russian physicist and astrophysicist, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2003 for his pioneering work on superconductivity. He shared the award with Alexey… …   Universalium

  • Landau, Lev Davidovich — ▪ Russian physicist born Jan. 9 [Jan. 22, New Style], 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan) died April 1, 1968, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.  Soviet theoretical physicist, one of the founders of the quantum theory of condensed matter whose… …   Universalium

  • Leggett, Anthony J. — ▪ British physicist born March 26, 1938, London, England       British physicist, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2003 for his seminal work on superfluidity. He shared the award with the Russian physicists Alexey A. Abrikosov (Abrikosov,… …   Universalium

  • Nobel Prize winners by year — ▪ Table Nobel Prize winners by year 1901–10 1941–50 1981–90 1911–20 1951–60 1991–2000 1921–30 1961–70 2001–08 1931–40 1971–80 1901–10 year category name country* achievement literary area 1901 chemistry Henricus van t (Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van… …   Universalium

  • Nobel Prize winners by category (physics) — ▪ Table TR class= oec even > ss= oec even > Nobel Prize winners by category (physics) year name country* achievement 1901 Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Germany discovery of X rays 1902 Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon The Netherlands investigation of the… …   Universalium

  • Nobel Prize winners by year (2001-10) — ▪ Table Nobel Prize winners by year (2001–10) year category name country* achievement literary area 2001 chemistry Knowles, William S. U.S. work on chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions chemistry Noyori Ryoji (Noyori Ryōji) Japan work on… …   Universalium

  • Nobel Prize winners by name — ▪ Table Nobel Prize winners by name A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   J   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   Y   Z A name year category country* achievement literary area Abrikosov, Alexey A. 2003 physics U.S. discoveries… …   Universalium

  • Nobel Prize winners by name (A through C) — ▪ Table Nobel Prize winners by name (A through C) name year category country* achievement literary area Abrikosov, Alexey A. 2003 physics U.S. discoveries regarding superconductivity and superfluidity at very low temperatures Addams, Jane 1931… …   Universalium

  • List of Russian people — The Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod, featuring the statues and reliefs of the most celebrated people in the first 1000 years of Russian history …   Wikipedia

  • List of Russians — This is a list of people associated with Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union, and Russia of today. For a long time Russia has been a multinational country, and many people of different ethnicity contributed to its culture, to its glory, and to its… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”