Wilson, J Tuzo

▪ 1994

      Canadian geophysicist (b. Oct. 24, 1908, Ottawa, Ont.—d. April 15, 1993, Toronto, Ont.), helped rekindle the concept of plate tectonics with his important 1965 paper A New Class of Faults and Their Bearing on Continental Drift, which introduced his theory of an entirely new class of geologic faults, transform faults (boundaries of plates that slide past each other), as a third type of movement in addition to convergent plates (those moving closer together) and divergent plates (those moving apart). His theory, devised to help explain continental drift, became almost universally accepted, and he was credited with coining the term plate in reference to the rigid portions into which the Earth's crust is divided. Wilson's mother, Henrietta Tuzo, was an explorer and mountaineer, and her name was given to British Columbia's Mt. Tuzo in the Canadian Rockies. By the time he was out of high school, Wilson had participated in geologic field expeditions into the Canadian wilderness. When he graduated (1930) from Trinity College, University of Toronto, he was the first person at any Canadian university to earn a degree in geophysical studies. He later attended St. John's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1932), Princeton University (Ph.D., 1936), and the University of Cambridge (M.A., 1940; Sc.D., 1958). Known as an adventurer, Wilson was the first to climb the 4,000-m (12,000-ft) Mt. Hague in Montana, and he visited each continent at least once. After working with the Geological Survey of Canada (1936-39) and serving with the Royal Canadian Engineers during World War II, he became professor of geophysics at the University of Toronto, where he remained until 1974. That year he became director general of the Ontario Science Centre, which he turned into a fascinating interactive environment for children, who were encouraged by posted signs to "please touch." As director of the centre until 1985, he introduced working models, innovative demonstrations, and traveling exhibits to help make scientific study enjoyable. He published One Chinese Moon (1959), IGY: Year of the New Moons (1961), A Revolution in Earth Science (1967), and Continents Adrift and Continents Aground (1977). The Wilson mountain range in Antarctica was named in his honour.

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