Simon, Herbert Alexander

Simon, Herbert Alexander
▪ 2002

      American social scientist (b. June 15, 1916, Milwaukee, Wis.—d. Feb. 9, 2001, Pittsburgh, Pa.), was awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize for Economics for his theory of decision-making processes in economic organizations. Simon studied political science at the University of Chicago, where he received a B.A. in 1936 and a Ph.D. in 1943. After holding various administrative posts, he was appointed (1949) a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, where he helped form several departments and schools, including the Graduate School of Industrial Administration and the School of Computer Science. He was best known for a theory of corporate decision making known as behaviourism. In his book Administrative Behavior (1947), he sought to replace the highly simplified classical approach to economic modeling and its concept of the single decision-making, profit-maximizing entrepreneur with an approach to decision making that recognized a multiplicity of factors. According to Simon, this framework provided a more satisfactory theoretical approach for a world in which decision-making units were large enough for each one to have significant effects on prices and outputs. Crucial to this theory was the concept of satisfying behaviour—the achievement of acceptable levels of economic variables while keeping complications and risks at a minimum—as contrasted with the traditional emphasis on the achievement of maximum profits as the primary motivating factor. Simon's theory thus attempted to consider the psychological factors involved in decision making that classical economists tended not to take into account. Later in his career, Simon increasingly became involved in an attempt to create artificial intelligence by computer technology. He was the author of 27 books, including Models of My Life (1991), an autobiography.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • SIMON, HERBERT ALEXANDER — (1916–2001), U.S. political scientist; authority on public administration, Nobel laureate. Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Simon received his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Chicago (1943). In 1949 he was appointed professor of… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Simon,Herbert Alexander — Si·mon (sīʹmən), Herbert Alexander. Born 1916. American economist. He won a 1978 Nobel Prize for his research into the decision making process within economic organizations. * * * …   Universalium

  • Simon, Herbert (Alexander) — born June 15, 1916, Milwaukee, Wis., U.S. died Feb. 9, 2001, Pittsburgh, Pa. U.S. social scientist. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1943. At Carnegie Mellon University (from 1949), he taught psychology and later computer… …   Universalium

  • Simon, Herbert (Alexander) — (15 jun. 1916, Milwaukee, Wis., EE.UU.–9 feb. 2001, Pittsburgh, Pa.). Cientista social estadounidense. Obtuvo su Ph.D. en la Universidad de Chicago en 1943. Fue profesor de psicología y luego de ciencias de la computación en la Universidad… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Herbert Alexander Simon — Herbert Alexander Simon …   Wikipedia Español

  • Herbert Alexander Simon — Herbert Simon Pour les articles homonymes, voir Simon. Herbert Simon Herbert Simon vers 2000 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Simon, Herbert A. — ▪ American social scientist in full  Herbert Alexander Simon  born June 15, 1916, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. died February 9, 2001, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania       American social scientist known for his contributions to a number of fields,… …   Universalium

  • Herbert Alexander Simon — noun United States economist and psychologist who pioneered in the development of cognitive science (1916 2001) • Syn: ↑Simon, ↑Herb Simon, ↑Herbert A. Simon • Instance Hypernyms: ↑economist, ↑economic expert, ↑psychologist …   Useful english dictionary

  • Wirtschaftsnobelpreis 1978: Herbert Alexander Simon —   Dem amerikanische Sozialwissenschaftler Herbert Alexander Simon wurde der Nobelpreis für die »Erforschung von Entscheidungsfindungsprozessen in wirtschaftlichen Organisationen« verliehen.    Biografie   Herbert Alexander Simon, * Milwaukee… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • SIMON (H. A.) — SIMON HERBERT ALEXANDER (1916 ) Prix Nobel d’économie en 1978, Herbert A. Simon, né aux États Unis en 1916, a introduit l’analyse du comportement humain dans la science économique. Son apport fondamental réside dans la critique de la vision de… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

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