Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Jacques

▪ 2007

      French journalist and politician (b. Feb. 13, 1924, Paris, France—d. Nov. 7, 2006, Fécamp, France), was a potent intellectual force in France for some 50 years. His influence was perhaps most evident in his two best-known books—Lieutenant en Algérie (1957; Lieutenant in Algeria, 1957), which exposed French atrocities in the Algerian War of Independence and was later credited with helping turn French public opinion against the Algerian conflict, and Le Défi américain (1967; The American Challenge, 1969), in which he warned against American economic hegemony. An immediate best seller, the latter work was translated into more than 20 languages. After serving (1948–53) as foreign affairs editor of the Paris newspaper Le Monde, Servan-Schreiber cofounded and managed (1953–70) L'Express, a moderately left-wing weekly newsmagazine. He was secretary-general (1969–71) and president (1971–75, 1977–79) of the Radical Party and wrote Ciel et terre: manifeste radical (1970; The Radical Alternative, 1970), a party manifesto. Elected in 1970 to the National Assembly, Servan-Schreiber served very briefly as minister of reforms, but he was ousted for opposing government policy on nuclear testing. He cofounded (1972) the Reform Movement with politician Jean-Adrien-François Lecanuet, was president (1976–78) of the Regional Council of Lorraine, and in 1979 founded the Paris Group, in conjunction with which he published Le Défi mondial (1980; The World Challenge, 1980). From 1988 to 1994 Servan-Schreiber was a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh.

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▪ French journalist

born Feb. 13, 1924, Paris, France

died Nov. 7, 2006, Fécamp

      French journalist and politician.

      Servan-Schreiber volunteered in the Free French Army forces of Charles de Gaulle as a fighter pilot in 1943 and received the Cross of Valor for his services. In 1947 he graduated from the École Polytechnique. After serving as foreign affairs editor of the Paris daily paper Le Monde (1948–53), he founded and managed (1953–70) L'Express, a moderately left-wing weekly newsmagazine modeled on Time. The publication of L'Express was halted temporarily in 1954 when the magazine printed a top-secret government report. In 1956 Servan-Schreiber was drafted into the army, and the experience formed the basis of his first book, Lieutenant en Algérie (1957; Lieutenant in Algeria), which exposed French atrocities in the Algerian War of Independence. The controversial book was later credited with helping turn French public opinion against the Algerian conflict. In Le Défi américain (1967; The American Challenge) he warned against Europe's becoming merely an economic colony of the United States. An immediate best seller, the work was eventually translated into more than 20 languages.

      Servan-Schreiber was secretary general of the Radical Party (1969–71) and president (1971–75, 1977–79). His Ciel et terre: Manifeste radical (1970; The Radical Alternative, 1970) is a party manifesto. Elected as a deputy to the National Assembly in 1970, he served briefly as minister of reforms in the government of President Valèry Giscard d'Estaing but was ousted for opposing government policy on nuclear testing.

      Servan-Schreiber founded the Mouvement Réformateur (“Reform Movement”) in 1972 with Jean Lecanuet and once again served briefly as minister of reforms in June 1974. He was president of the Regional Council of Lorraine from 1976 to 1978, and in 1979 he founded the Groupe de Paris (“Paris Group”), in conjunction with which he published Le Défi mondial (1980; The World Challenge, 1980). He also continued in the 1970s to be associated with the direction of L'Express. From 1988 to 1994 Servan-Schreiber was a professor at Carnegie Mellon University in the United States.

      Other publications of Servan-Schreiber include Les Réveil de la France (1968; The Spirit of May, 1969), a collection of editorials examining causes of the student uprisings in France in 1968; Forcer le destin (1970; “Forcing Destiny's Hand”); Le Pouvoir régional (1971; “Regional Power”); Appel à la reforme (1971; “A Call to Reform”); L'Arme de la confiance (1976; “The Weapon of Confidence”); and Le Manifeste (1977; “The Manifesto”).

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