May, Rollo Reece

▪ 1995

      U.S. psychologist and author (b. April 21, 1909, Ada, Ohio—d. Oct. 22, 1994, Tiburon, Calif.), was known as the father of existential psychotherapy. He was one of the first to abandon Freudian theories of human nature, and in his humanistic approach to therapy, he stressed that anxiety could be harnessed and used as a positive force and that people could use their inner resources in making the choices that guide the direction of their lives. May presented his views in a number of popular books, including The Meaning of Anxiety (1950), Man's Search for Himself (1953), Love and Will (1969), Power and Innocence (1972), and The Courage to Create (1975). May earned (1930) a bachelor's degree from Oberlin (Ohio) College and became a teacher of English at an American college in Greece. During holidays he attended psychoanalyst Alfred Adler's seminars in Vienna and was inspired to study theology. He returned (1933) to the U.S. and entered Union Theological Seminary, receiving a bachelor of divinity degree in 1938. After serving as a Congregationalist minister for two years, he resigned his ministry to study psychology at Columbia University, New York City. He contracted tuberculosis, however, and was given only a 50-50 chance of surviving. He realized that his personal struggle against death would do more than medical care would to determine whether he lived, and this solidified his existentialist views. He received his Ph.D. in 1949. Over the years May was on the faculty of the William Alanson White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychoanalysis and was a lecturer at the New School for Social Research, both in New York City, and was a visiting professor at such universities as Harvard, Yale, and Princeton.

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