Wright, Sir Almroth Edward

Wright, Sir Almroth Edward
born Aug. 10, 1861, Middleton Tyas, Yorkshire, Eng.
died April 30, 1947, Farnham Common, Buckinghamshire

British bacteriologist and immunologist.

While teaching at the Army Medical School in Netley (from 1892), he developed a typhoid immunization that used killed typhoid bacilli. It made Britain the only country with troops immunized against typhoid at the start of World War I, the first war in which fewer British soldiers died of infection than from trauma. He also developed vaccines against enteric tuberculosis and pneumonia. He was well known for advancing autogenous vaccines (vaccines prepared from a patient's own bacteria).

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▪ British bacteriologist and immunologist
born Aug. 10, 1861, Middleton Tyas, Yorkshire, Eng.
died April 30, 1947, Farnham Common, Buckinghamshire

      British bacteriologist and immunologist best known for advancing vaccination through the use of autogenous vaccines (prepared from the bacteria harboured by the patient) and through antityphoid immunization with typhoid bacilli killed by heat.

      Wright received his medical degree at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1883. He continued his education at Leipzig, Marburg, and Strasbourg and taught at several universities before he was appointed professor of pathology at the Army Medical School, Netley, in 1892. There he developed a vaccine against typhoid (typhoid fever) that was tested on more than 3,000 soldiers in India and used successfully during the South African (Boer) War. As a result Britain was the sole combatant to enter World War I with its troops immunized against typhoid fever—a factor that was instrumental in making this the first war in which fewer British soldiers died from infection than from missiles. Wright served in France during the war investigating wound infections.

      Wright resigned from the army in 1902 and became a professor of pathology at St. Mary's Hospital in London that same year. Wright conducted research there until his retirement in 1946. Alexander Fleming, who later developed penicillin, was one of his aides. Wright also developed vaccines against enteric tuberculosis and pneumonia and contributed greatly to the study of opsonins, blood enzymes that make bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis by white cells. Knighted in 1906, he was sometimes known as “Sir Almost Right” and was characterized in George Bernard Shaw's play The Doctor's Dilemma as Sir Colenso Ridgeon.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Edward — /ed weuhrd/, n. 1. Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall ( The Black Prince ), 1330 76, English military leader (son of Edward III). 2. Lake, a lake in central Africa, between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a source of the Nile.… …   Universalium

  • sir — /serr/, n. 1. a respectful or formal term of address used to a man: No, sir. 2. (cap.) the distinctive title of a knight or baronet: Sir Walter Scott. 3. (cap.) a title of respect for some notable personage of ancient times: Sir Pandarus of Troy …   Universalium

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  • wright — /ruyt/, n. a worker, esp. a constructive worker (used chiefly in combination): a wheelwright; a playwright. [bef. 900; ME; OE wryhta, metathetic var. of WYRHTA worker; akin to WORK] * * * (as used in expressions) Forrester Jay Wright Mills… …   Universalium

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  • Almroth Wright — Sir Almroth Edward Wright (* 10. August 1861 in Middleton Tyas, Yorkshire; † 30. April 1947 in Farnham Common, Buckinghamshire) war ein britischer Mikrobiologe, Pathologe und Immunologe. Wright studierte Medizin am Trinity College Dublin… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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