Vaughan, Henry

born April 17, 1622, Llansantffraed, Breconshire, Wales

died April 23, 1695, Llansantffraed

Anglo-Welsh poet and mystic.

Vaughan studied law but from the 1650s practiced medicine. After writing two volumes of secular poems, he read the religious poet George Herbert and gave up "idle verse." He is chiefly remembered for the spiritual vision or imagination evident in his fresh and convincing religious verse and is considered one of the major practitioners of Metaphysical poetry. Works that reveal the depth of his religious convictions include Silex Scintillans (1650, enlarged 1655; "The Glittering Flint") and the prose Mount of Olives (1652). He also translated short moral and religious works and two medical works.

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▪ English poet

born April 17, 1622, Llansantffraed, Breconshire, Wales

died April 23, 1695, Llansantffraed

      Anglo-Welsh poet and mystic remarkable for the range and intensity of his spiritual intuitions.

      Educated at Oxford and studying law in London, Vaughan was recalled home in 1642 when the first Civil War broke out, and he remained there the rest of his life.

      In 1646 his Poems, with the Tenth Satyre of Juvenal Englished was published, followed by a second volume in 1647. Meanwhile he had been “converted” by reading the religious poet George Herbert (Herbert, George) and gave up “idle verse.” His Silex Scintillans (1650; “The Glittering Flint,” enlarged 1655) and the prose Mount of Olives: or, Solitary Devotions (1652) show the depth of his religious convictions and the authenticity of his poetic genius. Two more volumes of secular verse were published, ostensibly without his sanction; but it is his religious verse that has lived. He also translated short moral and religious works and two medical works in prose. At some time in the 1650s he began to practice medicine and continued to do so throughout his life.

      Though Vaughan borrowed phrases from Herbert and other writers and wrote poems with the same titles as Herbert's, he was one of the most original poets of his day. Chiefly he had a gift of spiritual vision or imagination that enabled him to write freshly and convincingly, as is illustrated in the opening of “The World”:

I saw Eternity the other night

Like a Great Ring of pure and endless light

      He was equally gifted in writing about nature, holding the old view that every flower enjoys the air it breathes and that even sticks and stones share man's expectation of resurrection. The Romantic poet William Wordsworth may have been influenced by Vaughan.

      Vaughan's poetry was largely disregarded in his own day and for a century after his death. He shared in the revival of interest in 17th-century metaphysical poets in the 20th century. The standard edition is Works (1914; 2nd ed., 1957), edited by L.C. Martin.

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