Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st earl of
- Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st earl of
-
born July 22, 1621, Wimborne St. Giles, Dorset, Eng.
died Jan. 21, 1683, Amsterdam, Neth.
English politician.
He served in the
English Civil Wars, fighting first for the king (1643) and then for Parliament (1644). He was appointed by
Oliver Cromwell to the council of state (1653–54, 1659) and also served in Parliament (1654–60). One of 12 commissioners sent to invite
Charles II to return to England, he was appointed to Charles's privy council (1660) and served as chancellor of the Exchequer (1661–72) and lord chancellor (1672–73). As head of the Council of Trade and Foreign Plantations (1672–74), he drew up a constitution for the North American province of Carolina, aided by his protégé
John Locke. Dismissed by Charles for supporting the anti-Catholic
Test Act and opposing the marriage of Charles's brother James (
later James II) to another Catholic, Shaftesbury became a leader of the
Whig opposition. He exploited the political chaos caused by
Titus Oates to consolidate his parliamentary power and tried unsuccessfully to pass the Exclusion Bill, to keep James from the throne. In 1681 Charles dissolved the Parliament; Shaftesbury was arrested and tried for treason but was acquitted. In 1682 he fled to Holland, where he died.
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Universalium.
2010.
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Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of, Baron Cooper of Pawlett, Baron Ashley of Wimborne St. Giles — ▪ English politician [1621 83] Introduction also called (from 1631) Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, 2nd Baronet born July 22, 1621, Wimborne St. Giles, Dorset, Eng. died Jan. 21, 1683, Amsterdam, Neth. English politician, a member of the… … Universalium
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