Seljūq dynasty

Seljūq dynasty
or Saljūq dynasty

(с 11th–13th centuries) Muslim Turkmen dynasty that ruled Persia, Iraq, Syria, and Anatolia.

Seljūq was the chief of a nomadic Turkish tribe. His grandsons Chaghri Beg and Toghrïl Beg conquered realms in Iran. Under Alp-Arslan and Malik-Shah, the empire came to include all of Iran, Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine; Alp-Arslan's victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert led to several Crusades. Adherents of Sunnite Islam, the Seljūqs adopted Persian culture, and under them the Persian language partly displaced Arabic as a literary language in Iran. By 1200 Seljūq power remained only in their sultanate of Rūm in Anatolia, which collapsed in a war against the Khwārezm-Shah dynasty in 1230 and was overrun by Mongols in 1243. See also Nizām al-Mulk.

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