Cattell, James McKeen

Cattell, James McKeen
born May 25, 1860, Easton, Pa., U.S.
died Jan. 20, 1944, Lancaster, Pa.

U.S. psychologist.

He studied with Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig and later assisted Francis Galton in London. Teaching at the University of Pennsylvania (1888–91) and Columbia University (1891–1917), where Edward L. Thorndike was his student, he oriented U.S. psychology toward use of objective experimental methods, mental testing, and applied psychology. Much of his career was devoted to editing and publishing scientific periodicals; he was a founder of Psychological Review (1894), edited Science for 50 years (from 1894), and founded the directory American Men of Science (1906).

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▪ American psychologist

born May 25, 1860, Easton, Pa., U.S.
died Jan. 20, 1944, Lancaster, Pa.
 U.S. psychologist who oriented U.S. psychology toward use of objective experimental methods, mental testing, and application of psychology to the fields of education, business, industry, and advertising. He originated two professional directories and published five scientific periodicals.

      After graduation from Lafayette College in Easton (1880), he went to Germany and studied with philosopher Rudolf Hermann Lotze at the University of Göttingen and with psychologist Wilhelm Wundt at the University of Leipzig. Returning to the U.S., he spent 1882 and 1883 at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Journeying again to Leipzig, he became Wundt's assistant and conducted investigations directed toward scientific objectivity.

      After receiving his Ph.D. from Leipzig (1886), Cattell continued his research in the London laboratory of Sir Francis Galton. In 1888 he received a professorship in psychology, the first ever offered, at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. There he established a laboratory and developed a series of mental measurement tests for college students.

      In 1891 Cattell became professor and administrative head of psychology at Columbia University and devoted much of his career there to the improvement and advancement of mental testing. In 1894 he cofounded the Psychological Review and acquired the weekly journal Science, which he edited from 1894 to 1944. In 1900 he established Popular Science Monthly, renamed Scientific Monthly in 1915, which he edited through 1943. His concern with scientific eminence led him to originate, edit, and publish the directory American Men of Science (1906–38). Cattell was dismissed from Columbia in 1917 when he publicly expressed criticism of the draft in World War I. The remainder of his professional life was devoted principally to editing, including The American Naturalist (1907–44) and School and Society (1915–39). In 1921 he founded the Psychological Corporation for the purpose of making research in applied psychology available to industry and business.

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  • Cattell, James McKeen — (25 may. 1860, Easton, Pa., EE.UU.–20 ene. 1944, Lancaster, Pa.). Psicólogo estadounidense. Estudió con Wilhelm Wundt, en Leipzig y más tarde fue asistente de Francis Galton en Londres. Fue profesor de la Universidad de Pensilvania (1888–91) y de …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • James McKeen Cattell — (* 25. Mai 1860 in Easton, Pennsylvania, USA; † 20. Januar 1944 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA) war ein amerikanischer Persönlichkeits Psychologe. Er war der erste Professor für Psycholog …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • James McKeen Cattell — Naissance 25 mai 1860 20 janvier 1944 Nationalité Américain Pays de résidence USA …   Wikipédia en Français

  • James McKeen Cattell — James McKeen Cattell. Para otros usos de este término, véase Raymond Cattell. James McKeen Cattell (25 de mayo de 1860 – 20 de enero de 1944) fue un psicólogo norteamericano, el primero en dictar clases de psicología en los …   Wikipedia Español

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  • Кеттелл Джеймс Мак-Кин / Cattell, James McKeen — (1860 1944). Предметом исследований Д. Кеттелла были индивидуальные различия. Его работа стала вкладом в ту практическую и прикладную психологию, которая была функциональной и исключительно американской по духу …   Психологическая энциклопедия

  • James McKeen Cattell — noun American psychologist and editor (1860 1944) • Syn: ↑Cattell • Instance Hypernyms: ↑psychologist, ↑editor, ↑editor in chief …   Useful english dictionary

  • CATTELL (J. M.) — CATTELL JAMES MCKEEN (1860 1944) Les historiens de la psychologie sont unanimes à reconnaître l’ampleur de la personnalité de James Cattell et l’influence déterminante qu’il exerça sur le développement de la psychologie aux États Unis. Comme la… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

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