Campbell, John Archibald

Campbell, John Archibald
born June 24, 1811, Washington, Ga., U.S.
died March 12, 1889, Baltimore, Md.

U.S. jurist.

After being admitted to the bar at age 18, he moved to Alabama, where he gained a large private practice and served in the state legislature. Appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1853, he became known as a strict constructionist; his tenure was notable for his concurrence in the Dred Scott decision. Although he opposed secession as imprudent, he resigned from the Supreme Court in 1861 and cast his lot with the South in the American Civil War, serving as assistant secretary of war for the Confederacy. After the South's surrender he was imprisoned for four months on false charges. Upon his release he moved to New Orleans, where he established a law practice.

* * *

▪ American jurist
born June 24, 1811, Washington, Ga., U.S.
died March 12, 1889, Baltimore, Md.

      American jurist and Supreme Court justice (1853–61). He also was assistant secretary of war for the Confederacy.

      At age 11 Campbell entered Franklin College (now the University of Georgia), and after graduating at age 14 he entered the U.S. Military Academy. Called home upon the death of his father, Campbell then began to study law. He was admitted to the bar at age 18 (by a special act of the legislature) and soon moved to Alabama, where he married. In addition to maintaining a large private practice, Campbell served two terms in the Alabama legislature.

      At age 41 Campbell was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. He was known as a strict constructionist, and his views on states' rights were decidedly Jeffersonian. His tenure was also notable for his concurring opinion in the Dred Scott decision, which made slavery legal in all the territories and fanned the flames of sectional controversy that led to the American Civil War. Though he opposed as imprudent the Southern states' secession from the Union, Campbell resigned his Supreme Court appointment in 1861 and cast his lot with the South. In 1862 the Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, appointed him assistant secretary of war for the Confederacy, a position that he held until the South was defeated. When he was released from Fort Pulaski, where he had been held for four months on false charges, Campbell—who had lost his possessions in the war—moved to New Orleans, La., and established a law practice there. He made his home in New Orleans for the remainder of his life, arguing a number of cases before the U.S. Supreme Court.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Campbell, John Archibald — (24 jun. 1811, Washington, Ga., EE.UU.–12 mar. 1889, Baltimore, Md.). Jurista estadounidense. Luego de recibirse de abogado a la edad de 18 años, se trasladó a Alabama, donde se dedicó con éxito al ejercicio privado de la profesión y sirvió en la …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • John Archibald Campbell — Infobox Judge name = John Archibald Campbell imagesize = caption = office = Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court termstart = April 11 1853 termend = April 30 1861 nominator = Franklin Pierce appointer = predecessor = John McKinley …   Wikipedia

  • Campbell — Campbell, Donald Campbell, Malcolm * * * (as used in expressions) Campbell, familia los Campbell de Argyll Campbell, John Archibald Campbell, Joseph Campbell, Kim Avril Phaedra Campbell Campbell, Mrs. Patrick …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Campbell — /kam beuhl, kam euhl/, n. 1. Alexander, 1788 1866, U.S. religious leader, born in Ireland: cofounder with his father, Thomas, of the Disciples of Christ Church. 2. Colen /kol euhn, koh leuhn/ or Colin, died 1729, Scottish architect and author. 3 …   Universalium

  • Archibald — /ahr cheuh bawld , beuhld/, n. a male given name: from a Germanic word meaning distinguished and bold. * * * (as used in expressions) Campbell John Archibald Cronin Archibald Joseph Archibald Alexander Leach MacLeish Archibald Archibald Lee… …   Universalium

  • John A. Campbell (Manitoba politician) — For other persons of the same name, see John Campbell. John Archibald Campbell (April 19, 1872 November 26, 1963) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1907 to 1910, as a member of the… …   Wikipedia

  • Archibald — (as used in expressions) Campbell, John Archibald Cronin, A(rchibald) J(oseph) Archibald Alexander Leach MacLeish, Archibald Archibald Lee Wright Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, 5 conde de Archibald Philip Primrose Tait, Archibald C(ampbell) …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • john — /jon/, n. Slang. 1. a toilet or bathroom. 2. (sometimes cap.) a fellow; guy. 3. (sometimes cap.) a prostitute s customer. [generic use of the proper name] * * * I known as John Lackland born Dec. 24, 1167, Oxford, Eng. died Oct. 18/19, 1216,… …   Universalium

  • John — /jon/, n. 1. the apostle John, believed to be the author of the fourth Gospel, three Epistles, and the book of Revelation. 2. See John the Baptist. 3. (John Lackland) 1167? 1216, king of England 1199 1216; signer of the Magna Carta 1215 (son of… …   Universalium

  • John — (as used in expressions) Abbot, Sir John (Joseph Caldwell) Acton (de Aldenham), John Emerich Edward Dahlberg Acton, 1 barón Adams, John Adams, John (Coolidge) Adams, John Quincy Alden, John Altgeld, John Peter André, John Arden, John Ashbery,… …   Enciclopedia Universal

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”