Ḥusayn ibn {ʽ}Alī, al-

Ḥusayn ibn {ʽ}Alī, al-
born January 626, Medina, Hejaz, Arabian Peninsula
died Oct. 10, 680, Karbalāʾ, Iraq

Muslim political and religious leader.

He was the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad. After the assassination of his father, the fourth caliph, Alī ibn Abī Tālib, he accepted the rule of the first caliph of the Umayyad dynasty, Muāwiyah I. He refused, however, to acknowledge the succession of the latter's son, Yazīd I, and instead accepted an invitation to travel to Iraq in order to lead a revolt against the Umayyads. He, along with a small entourage of family and followers, was intercepted by the Umayyads and killed at the Battle of Karbalā. He is viewed by Shīite Muslims as the prototypical martyr, and his death became a central theme of later Shīʽite theology and is commemorated annually during the holy festival of ʽĀshūrāʾ.

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