technetium

technetium
/tek nee"shee euhm, -sheuhm/, n.
Chem. an element of the manganese family, not found in nature, but obtained in the fission of uranium or by the bombardment of molybdenum. Symbol: Tc; at. wt.: 99; at. no.: 43; sp. gr.: 11.5.
[1945-50; < Gk technet(ós) artificial (lit., made, verbid of technâsthai; see TECHNO-) + -IUM]

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Metallic chemical element, one of the transition elements, chemical symbol Tc, atomic number 43.

All its isotopes are radioactive (see radioactivity); some occur in trace amounts in nature as nuclear fission products of uranium. Its isotope technetium-97 was the first element artificially produced (1937; see cyclotron). Technetium-99, a fission product of nuclear reactors that emits gamma rays, is the most-used tracer isotope in nuclear medicine. Technetium resembles platinum in appearance and manganese and rhenium in chemical behaviour. It is also used as a metallurgical tracer and in corrosion-resistant products.

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 chemical element, synthetic radioactive metal of Group 7 (VIIb) of the periodic table, the first element to be artificially produced. The isotope technetium-97 (2,600,000-year half-life) was discovered (1937) by the Italian mineralogist Carlo Perrier and the Italian-born American physicist Emilio Segrè (Segrè, Emilio) in a sample of molybdenum that had been bombarded by deuterons in the Berkeley (California) cyclotron. This isotope is the longest-lived member of a set from technetium-92 to technetium-107 that has since been produced. The most important isotope, because it is the only one available on a large scale, is technetium-99 (212,000-year half-life); it is produced in kilogram quantities as a fission product in nuclear reactors. Technetium metal looks like platinum but is usually obtained as a gray powder. It crystallizes in the hexagonal close-packed structure and is a superconductor below 11.2 K. Except for technetium-99, technetium-97, and technetium-98 (1,500,000-year half-life), technetium isotopes are short-lived. Technetium has essentially no uses.

      Technetium occurs in the Earth's crust as minute traces from the spontaneous fission of uranium; the relatively short half-lives preclude the existence of any primordial technetium on Earth. The American astronomer Paul W. Merrill's discovery in 1952 that technetium-99 is present in S-type stars was a valuable piece of evidence concerning stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. Technetium, chemically similar to rhenium (atomic number 75), exists in oxidation states of +7, +6, and +4 in compounds such as potassium pertechnetate, KTcO4, technetium chloride, TcCl6, and technetium sulfide, TcS2, respectively. Compounds are known in all formal oxidation states from −1 to +7.

atomic number
43
commonest isotope
(99)
melting point
2,172° C (3,942° F)
boiling point
4,877° C (8,811° F)
specific gravity
11.5 (20° C)
oxidation states
+4, +6, +7
electronic config.
[Kr]4d65s1

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Technetium-99 — (99Tc) is an isotope of technetium which decays with a half life of 211,000 years, emitting soft beta rays but no gamma rays, and has a fission product yield of 6.0507% for thermal neutron fission of uranium 235. It is the most significant long… …   Wikipedia

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  • technetium — [tek nē′shē əm, tek nē′shəm] n. [ModL < Gr technētos, artificial (< technasthai, to contrive by art < technē: see TECHNIC) + IUM: so named (1947) by E. G. Segré (1905 89), It American physicist, and C. Perrier, It physicist, who… …   English World dictionary

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  • Technétium 99 — Le technétium 99, noté 99Tc, est l isotope du technétium dont le nombre de masse est égal à 99 : son noyau atomique compte 43 protons et 56 neutrons avec un spin 9/2+ pour une masse atomique de 98,9062547 g/mol. Il est caractérisé par… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Technetium — Tc (Symbol) * * * Tech|ne|ti|um 〈n.; s; unz.; chem. 〉 künstlich hergestelltes, radioaktives chemisches Element, Ordnungszahl 43 [<grch. technetos „künstlich“] * * * Tech|ne|ti|um [griech. techne̅tós = künstlich gemacht (téchne̅ = Kunst,… …   Universal-Lexikon

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