Ramadan

Ramadan
/ram'euh dahn"/, n. Islam.
1. the ninth month of the Muslim calendar. Cf. Muslim calendar.
2. the daily fast that is rigidly enjoined from dawn until sunset during this month.
[1590-1600; < Ar ramadan]

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In Islam, a holy month of fasting, the ninth month of the Muslim year, commemorating the revelation of the Qurān to Muhammad.

As an act of atonement, Muslims are required to fast and abstain from sexual activity during the daylight hours of Ramadan. Determined according to the lunar calendar, Ramadan can fall in any season of the year. The Ramadan fast is considered one of the Five Pillars of Islam, and the end of the fast is celebrated as one of the important religious holidays of Islam.

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▪ Islam
      in Islam, the holy month of fasting, the ninth month of the Muslim year, in which “the Qurʾān was sent down as a guidance for the people” (Qurʾān 2:185).

      In its religious function, the month is similar to the Jewish Yom Kippur inasmuch as both constitute a period of atonement; Ramaḍān, however, is seen less as atonement and more as an obedient response to a command from God. Muslim ordinance prescribes abstention from evil thoughts and deeds as well as from food, drink, and sexual intercourse from dawn until dusk throughout the month. The beginning and end of Ramaḍān are announced when one trustworthy witness testifies before the authorities that the new moon has been sighted; a cloudy sky may, therefore, delay or prolong the fast. The end of the fast is celebrated as ʿĪd al-Fiṭr, which is one of the two major religious holidays of the Islamic calendar.

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Universalium. 2010.

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